1 Samuel – Chapter 22

Old Testament23 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 22 of 1 Samuel begins: "David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house, had heard of it, they…" The chapter centers on David, Saul and Jesse. Across its 23 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God's kingdom and kingship. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house, had heard of it, they went down to him thither.

2And all that were in distress, and oppressed with debt, and under affliction of mind, gathered themselves unto him: and he became their prince, and there were with him about four hundred men.

3And David departed from thence into Maspha of Moab: and he said to the king of Moab: Let my father and my mother tarry with you, I beseech thee, till I know what God will do for me.

4And he left them under the eyes of the king of Moab, and they abode with him all the days that David was in the hold.

5And Gad the prophet said to David: Abide not in the hold, depart, and go into the land of Juda. And David departed, and came into the forest of Haret.

6And SauI heard that David was seen, and the men that were with him. Now whilst Saul abode in Gabaa, and was in the wood, which is by Rama, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him,

7He said to his servants that stood about him: Hear me now, ye sons of Jemini: will the son of Isai give every one of you fields, and vineyards, and make you all tribunes, and centurions:

8That all of you have conspired against me, and there is no one to inform me, especially when even my son hath entered into league with the son of Isai? There is not one of you that pitieth my case, nor that giveth me any information: because my son hath raised up my servant against me, plotting against me to this day.

9And Doeg, the Edomite, who stood by, and was the chief among the servants of Saul, answering, said: I saw the son of Isai, in Nobe, with Achimelech, the son of Achitob, the priest.

10And he consulted the Lord for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath, the Philistine.

11Then the king sent to call for Achimelech, the priest, the son of Achitob, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nobe, and they came all of them to the king.

12And Saul said to Achimelech: Hear, thou son of Achitob. He answered: Here I am, my lord.

13And Saul said to him: Why have you conspired against me, thou, and the son of Isai, and thou hast given him bread and a sword, and hast consulted the Lord for him, that he should rise up against me, continuing a traitor to this day.

14And Achimelech answering the king, said: And who amongst all thy servants is so faithful as David, who is the king's son in law, and goeth forth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thy house?

15Did I begin to day to consult the Lord for him? far be this from me: let not the king suspect such a thing against his servant, or any one in all my father's house: for thy servant knew nothing of this matter, either little or great.

16And the king said: Dying thou shalt die, Achimelech, thou and all thy father's house.

17And the king said to the messengers that stood about him: Turn, and kill the priests of the Lord, for their hand is with David, because they knew that he was fled, and they told it not to me. And the king's servants would not put forth their hands against the priests of the Lord.

18And the king said to Doeg: Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg, the Edomite, turned, and fell upon the priests, and slew in that day eighty-five men that wore the linen ephod.

19And Nobe, the city of the priests, he smote with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and ox, and ass, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

20But one of the sons of Achimelech, the son of Achitob, whose name was Abiathar, escaped, and fled to David,

21And told him that Saul had slain the priests of the Lord.

22And David said to Abiathar: I knew that day when Doeg, the Edomite, was there, that without doubt he would tell Saul: I have been the occasion of the death of all the souls of thy father's house.

23Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life, seeketh thy life also, and with me thou shalt be saved.

Important Verses in 1 Samuel 22

David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house, had heard of it, they went down to him thither.

1 Samuel 22:1

And he left them under the eyes of the king of Moab, and they abode with him all the days that David was in the hold.

1 Samuel 22:4

And Saul said to Achimelech: Hear, thou son of Achitob. He answered: Here I am, my lord.

1 Samuel 22:12

Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life, seeketh thy life also, and with me thou shalt be saved.

1 Samuel 22:23

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, 1 Samuel was written with israel reflecting on the origins and meaning of kingship under God in view. Chapter 22 of 31 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a genealogical record linking earlier promises to later generations with 23 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on David, Saul, Jesse and Goliath, the principal figures named in this chapter. The chapter begins: "David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house,…" It concludes: "Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life, seeketh thy life also, and with me thou shalt be saved. " In terms of historical background, First Samuel narrates Israel's transition from the age of the judges to the monarchy: the birth and call of Samuel, the demand for a king, the tragic reign of Saul, and the rise of David. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Who Wrote It

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors

When It Was Written

Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile

Catholic Commentary

At the literal level, the genealogy establishes continuity between generations and validates the claims of later narratives. A pivotal line is verse 1: "David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house, had heard of it, they went down to him…" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of the transition from judges to monarchy. the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 26).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God looks at the heart, not outward appearance. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, 1 Samuel 22 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • Faith is a gift and a decision: entrusting ourselves entirely to God and to His promises.

People in This Chapter

David10 mentionsSaul6 mentionsJesse4 mentionsGoliath1 mention

Reflection for Today

When the Church proclaims 1 Samuel Chapter 22 at Mass or in the Liturgy of the Hours, she treats this text as the living voice of God.

In the four senses of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—the Church finds rich meaning in 1 Samuel Chapter 22. At the moral level, evangelization and missionary discipleship challenges us to examine conscience and amend our lives (CIC 958).

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of evangelization and missionary discipleship bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Samuel Chapter 22 about?

1 Samuel 22 contains 23 verses. It opens with "David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house,…" and closes with "Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life, seeketh thy life also, and with me thou shalt be saved. ". The book as a whole is historical narrative.

What is a key verse in 1 Samuel 22?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "David therefore went from thence, and fled to the cave of Odollam. And when his brethren, and all his father's house, had heard of it, they went down to him thither." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Samuel Chapter 22?

This chapter mentions David, Saul, Jesse, Goliath.

Who wrote 1 Samuel and when?

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors. Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

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