1 Samuel – Chapter 23

Old Testament28 Verses

Chapter Summary

1 Samuel 23 opens with the words: "And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns." The chapter centers on David, Saul and Jonathan. Across its 28 verses, two threads run through the text: God's protection and deliverance and courage in the face of fear. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns.

2Therefore David consulted the Lord, saying: Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the Lord said to David: Go, and thou shalt smite the Philistines, and shalt save Ceila.

3And the men that were with David, said to him: Behold we are in fear here in Judea, how much more if we go to Ceila against the bands of the Philistines?

4Therefore David consulted the Lord again. And he answered and said to him: Arise, and go to Ceila: for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.

5David, therefore, and his men, went to Ceila, and fought against the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and made a great slaughter of them: and David saved the inhabitants of Ceila.

6Now at that time, when Abiathar, the son of Achimelech, fled to David, to Ceila, he came down, having an ephod with him.

7And it was told Saul that David was come to Ceila: and Saul said: The Lord hath delivered him into my hands, and he is shut up, being come into a city that hath gates and bars.

8And Saul commanded all the people to go down to fight against Ceila, and to besiege David and his men.

9Now when David understood that Saul secretly prepared evil against him, he said to Abiathar, the priest: Bring hither the ephod.

10And David said: O Lord God of Israel, thy servant hath heard a report, that Saul designeth to come to Ceila, to destroy the city for my sake:

11Will the men of Ceila deliver me into his hands? and will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O Lord God of Israel, tell thy servant. And the Lord said: He will come down.

12And David said: Will the men of Ceila deliver me and my men into the hands of Saul? And the Lord said: They will deliver thee up.

13Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose, and departing from Ceila, wandered up and down, uncertain where they should stay: and it was told Saul that David was fled from Ceila, and had escaped: wherefore he forbore to go out.

14But David abode in the desert in strong holds, and he remained in a mountain of the desert of Ziph, in a woody hill. And Saul sought him always: but the Lord delivered him not into his hands.

15And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life. And David was in the desert of Ziph, in a wood.

16And Jonathan, the son of Saul, arose, and went to David, into the wood, and strengthened his hands in God: and he said to him:

17Fear not: for the hand of my father, Saul, shall not find thee, and thou shalt reign over Israel, and I shall be next to thee; yea and my father knoweth this.

18And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood: but Jonathan returned to his house.

19And the Ziphites went up to Saul, in Gabaa, saying: Lo, doth not David lie hid with us in the strong holds of the wood, in mount Hachila, which is on the right hand of the desert.

20Now therefore come down, as thy soul hath desired to come down: and it shall be our business to deliver him into the king's hands.

21And Saul said: Blessed be ye of the Lord, for you have pitied my case.

22Go, therefore, I pray you, and use all diligence, and curiously inquire, and consider the place where his foot is, and who hath seen him there: for he thinketh of me, that I lie craftily in wait for him.

23Consider, and see all his lurking holes, wherein he is hid, and return to me with the certainty of the thing, that I may go with you. And if he should even go down into the earth to hide himself, I will search him out in all the thousands of Juda.

24And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: and David and his men were in the desert of Maon, in the plain at the right hand of Jesimon.

25Then Saul and his men went to seek him: and it was told David, and forthwith he went down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon: and when Saul had heard of it, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.

26And Saul went on this side of the mountain: and David and his men were on the other side of the mountain: and David despaired of being able to escape from the face of Saul: and Saul and his men encompassed David and his men round about, to take them.

27And a messenger came to Saul, saying: Make haste to come, for the Philistines have poured in themselves upon the land.

28Wherefore Saul returned, leaving the pursuit of David, and went to meet the Philistines. For this cause they called that place the rock of division.

Important Verses in 1 Samuel 23

And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns.

1 Samuel 23:1

And David said: O Lord God of Israel, thy servant hath heard a report, that Saul designeth to come to Ceila, to destroy the city for my sake:

1 Samuel 23:10

And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood: but Jonathan returned to his house.

1 Samuel 23:18

And Saul said: Blessed be ye of the Lord, for you have pitied my case.

1 Samuel 23:21

Historical Context

1 Samuel addresses israel reflecting on the origins and meaning of kingship under God within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 23 of 31 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 28 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. David, Saul and Jonathan appear at the center of the events recorded here. It opens with the line: "And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns." The final verse reads: "Wherefore Saul returned, leaving the pursuit of David, and went to meet the Philistines. For this cause they called…" Read against its original backdrop, First Samuel narrates Israel's transition from the age of the judges to the monarchy: the birth and call of Samuel, the demand for a king, the tragic reign of Saul, and the rise of David. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of 1 Samuel around Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Who Wrote It

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors

When It Was Written

Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile

Catholic Commentary

In this 28-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of the transition from judges to monarchy. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns." The passage repeatedly touches on God's protection and deliverance.

The Church teaches that every passage of Scripture must be read in light of Christ and the Magisterium (CIC 461). Here, the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). The spiritual sense invites believers to recognize God's protection and deliverance as part of God's pedagogy of salvation.

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.
  • God's presence casts out fear; His command 'Be not afraid' echoes throughout salvation history.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.

People in This Chapter

David28 mentionsSaul22 mentionsJonathan2 mentions

Reflection for Today

1 Samuel Chapter 23 belongs to the Old Testament and forms part of the Catholic canon proclaimed in the liturgy of the Word.

Through typology, the Church often reads Old Testament passages as preparing for Christ, while New Testament passages reveal Him explicitly. the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). Here the believer is invited to ponder gratitude as the foundation of prayer.

Let 1 Samuel Chapter 23 deepen your love for the Eucharist, where the Word made flesh continues to feed His people. The same Christ who speaks in Scripture offers Himself sacramentally on the altar.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Samuel Chapter 23 about?

1 Samuel 23 contains 28 verses. It opens with "And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns." and closes with "Wherefore Saul returned, leaving the pursuit of David, and went to meet the Philistines. For this cause they called…". The book as a whole is historical narrative.

What is a key verse in 1 Samuel 23?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Samuel Chapter 23?

This chapter mentions David, Saul, Jonathan.

Who wrote 1 Samuel and when?

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors. Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

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