1 Kings – Chapter 12

Old Testament33 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 12 of 1 Kings begins: "And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king." The chapter centers on David, Solomon and Jesse. Across its 33 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God's kingdom and kingship. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king.

2But Jeroboam, the son of Nabat, who was yet in Egypt, a fugitive from the face of king Solomon, hearing of his death, returned out of Egypt.

3And they sent and called him: and Jeroboam came, and all the multitude of Israel, and they spoke to Roboam, saying:

4Thy father laid a grievous yoke upon us: now, therefore, do thou take off a little of the grievous service of thy father, and of his most heavy yoke, which he put upon us, and we will serve thee.

5And he said to them: Go till the third day, and come to me again. And when the people was gone,

6King Roboam took counsel with the old men, that stood before Solomon, his father, while he yet lived, and he said: What counsel do you give me, that I may answer this people?

7They said to him: If thou wilt yield to this people to day, and condescend to them, and grant their petition, and wilt speak gentle words to them, they will be thy servants always.

8But he left the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that had been brought up with him, and stood before him.

9And he said to them: What counsel do you give me, that I may answer this people, who have said to me: Make the yoke, which thy father put upon us, lighter?

10And the young men that had been brought up with him, said: Thus shalt thou speak to this people, who have spoken to thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, do thou ease us. Thou shalt say to them: My little finger is thicker than the back of my father.

11And now my father put a heavy yoke upon you, but I will add to your yoke: my father beat you with whips, but I will beat you with scorpions.

12So Jeroboam, and all the people, came to Roboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying: Come to me again the third day.

13And the king answered the people roughly, leaving the counsel of the old men, which they had given him,

14And he spoke to them according to the counsel of the young men, saying: My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke: My father beat you with whips, but I will beat you with scorpions.

15And the king condescended not to the people: for the Lord was turned away from him, to make good his word, which he had spoken in the hand of Ahias, the Silonite, to Jeroboam, the son of Nabat.

16Then the people, seeing that the king would not hearken to them, answered him, saying: What portion have we in David? or what inheritance in the son of Isai? Go home to thy dwellings, O Israel: now, David, look to thy own house. So Israel departed to their dwellings.

17But as for all the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Juda, Roboam reigned over them.

18Then king Roboam sent Aduram, who was over the tribute: and all Israel stoned him, and he died. Wherefore king Roboam made haste to get him up into his chariot, and he fled to Jerusalem:

19And Israel revolted from the house of David, unto this day.

20And it came to pass when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they gathered an assembly, and sent and called him, and made him king over all Israel, and there was none that followed the house of David but the tribe of Juda only.

21And Roboam came to Jerusalem, and gathered together all the house of Juda, and the tribe of Benjamin, a hundred fourscore thousand chosen men for war, to fight against the house of Israel, and to bring the kingdom again under Roboam, the son of Solomon.

22But the word of the Lord came to Semeias, the man of God, saying:

23Speak to Roboam, the son of Solomon, the king of Juda, and to all the house of Juda, and Benjamin, and the rest of the people, saying:

24Thus saith the Lord: You shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren, the children of Israel: let every man return to his house, for this thing is from me. They hearkened to the word of the Lord, and returned from their journey, as the Lord had commanded them.

25And Jeroboam built Sichem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt there, and going out from thence, he built Phanuel.

26And Jeroboam said in his heart: Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David,

27If this people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem: and the heart of this people will turn to their lord Roboam, the king of Juda, and they will kill me, and return to him.

28And finding out a device, he made two golden calves, and said to them: Go ye up no more to Jerusalem: Behold thy gods, O Israel, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt.

29And he set the one in Bethel, and the other in Dan:

30And this thing became an occasion of sin: for the people went to adore the calf as far as Dan.

31And he made temples in the high places, and priests of the lowest of the people, who were not of the sons of Levi.

32And he appointed a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, after the manner of the feast that was celebrated in Juda. And going up to the altar, he did in like manner in Bethel, to sacrifice to the calves, which he had made: and he placed in Bethel priests of the high places, which he had made.

33And he went up to the altar, which he had built in Bethel, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, which he had devised of his own heart: and he ordained a feast to the children of Israel, and went up on the altar to burn incense.

Important Verses in 1 Kings 12

And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king.

1 Kings 12:1

And the king condescended not to the people: for the Lord was turned away from him, to make good his word, which he had spoken in the hand of Ahias, the Silonite, to Jeroboam, the son of Nabat.

1 Kings 12:15

But the word of the Lord came to Semeias, the man of God, saying:

1 Kings 12:22

And Jeroboam said in his heart: Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David,

1 Kings 12:26

Historical Context

1 Kings addresses the exiles, shown why the kingdom fell: infidelity to the covenant within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 12 of 22 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a prophetic oracle addressed to Israel in a moment of covenant crisis or renewal with 33 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. David, Solomon and Jesse appear at the center of the events recorded here. The passage starts with these words: "And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king." The chapter ends with: "And he went up to the altar, which he had built in Bethel, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, which he had…" The wider setting of 1 Kings is this: First Kings moves from the glory of Solomon—his wisdom, his Temple—to the tragic division of the kingdom into Israel (north) and Judah (south), and the ministry of the prophet Elijah against the idolatry of Ahab and… Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of 1 Kings around Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC).

Who Wrote It

Unknown; tradition suggests Jeremiah or prophetic circles as compilers

When It Was Written

Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC)

Catholic Commentary

The prophet addresses Israel with a message rooted in covenant fidelity and the hope of restoration. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king." The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

The Church teaches that every passage of Scripture must be read in light of Christ and the Magisterium (CIC 2215). Here, the Temple prefigures Christ's body and the Church (CIC 756). The spiritual sense invites believers to recognize family and covenant relationships as part of God's pedagogy of salvation.

The moral and spiritual import remains timely: The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.. St. Jerome insisted that ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ; this chapter offers material for meditation, examination of conscience, and deeper love of God.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • True wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord and is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

People in This Chapter

David5 mentionsSolomon4 mentionsJesse1 mention

Reflection for Today

When the Church proclaims 1 Kings Chapter 12 at Mass or in the Liturgy of the Hours, she treats this text as the living voice of God.

In the four senses of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—the Church finds rich meaning in 1 Kings Chapter 12. At the moral level, stewardship of creation challenges us to examine conscience and amend our lives (CIC 133).

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of stewardship of creation bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Kings Chapter 12 about?

1 Kings 12 contains 33 verses. It opens with "And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king." and closes with "And he went up to the altar, which he had built in Bethel, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, which he had…". The book as a whole is historical narrative with prophetic accounts.

What is a key verse in 1 Kings 12?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And Roboam went to Sichem: for thither were all Israel come together to make him king." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Kings Chapter 12?

This chapter mentions David, Solomon, Jesse.

Who wrote 1 Kings and when?

Unknown; tradition suggests Jeremiah or prophetic circles as compilers. Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC).

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