1 Samuel – Chapter 21

Old Testament15 Verses

Chapter Summary

"And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone,…" — so begins 1 Samuel 21. The chapter centers on David, Saul and Goliath. Across its 15 verses, two threads run through the text: God's kingdom and kingship and holiness. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

2And David said to Achimelech, the priest: The king hath commanded me a business, and said: Let no man know the thing for which thou art sent by me, and what manner of commands I have given thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

3Now therefore if thou have any thing at hand, though it were but five loaves, give me, or whatsoever thou canst find.

4And the priest answered David, saying: I have no common bread at hand, but only holy bread, if the young men be clean, especially from women?

5And David answered the priest, and said to him: Truly, as to what concerneth women, we have refrained ourselves from yesterday and the day before, when we came out, and the vessels of the young men were holy. Now this way is defiled, but it shall also be sanctified this day in the vessels.

6The priest therefore gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there, but only the loaves of proposition, which had been taken away from before the face of the Lord, that hot loaves might be set up.

7Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, within the tabernacle of the Lord: and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of Saul's herdsmen.

8And David said to Achimelech: Hast thou here at hand a spear, or a sword? for I brought not my own sword, nor my own weapons with me, for the king's business required haste.

9And the priest said: Lo, here is the sword of Goliath, the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Terebinth, wrapped up in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take this, take it, for here there is no other but this. And David said: There is none like that, give it me.

10And David arose and fled that day from the face of Saul: and came to Achis, the king of Geth:

11And the servants of Achis, when they saw David, said to him: Is not this David, the king of the land? Did they not sing to him in their dances, saying: Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

12But David laid up these words in his heart, and was exceedingly afraid at the face of Achis, the king of Geth.

13And he changed his countenance before them, and slipt down between their hands: and he stumbled against the doors of the gate, and his spittle ran down upon his beard.

14And Achis said to his servants: You saw the man was mad: why have you brought him to me?

15Have we need of mad men, that you have brought in this fellow, to play the madman in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

Important Verses in 1 Samuel 21

And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

1 Samuel 21:1

And the priest answered David, saying: I have no common bread at hand, but only holy bread, if the young men be clean, especially from women?

1 Samuel 21:4

Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, within the tabernacle of the Lord: and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of Saul's herdsmen.

1 Samuel 21:7

But David laid up these words in his heart, and was exceedingly afraid at the face of Achis, the king of Geth.

1 Samuel 21:12

Historical Context

1 Samuel addresses israel reflecting on the origins and meaning of kingship under God within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 21 of 31 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 15 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. David, Saul and Goliath appear at the center of the events recorded here. It opens with the line: "And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him:…" It concludes: "Have we need of mad men, that you have brought in this fellow, to play the madman in my presence? shall this fellow…" The wider setting of 1 Samuel is this: First Samuel narrates Israel's transition from the age of the judges to the monarchy: the birth and call of Samuel, the demand for a king, the tragic reign of Saul, and the rise of David. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Who Wrote It

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors

When It Was Written

Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile

Catholic Commentary

In this 15-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of the transition from judges to monarchy. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?" The passage repeatedly touches on God's kingdom and kingship.

The Church teaches that every passage of Scripture must be read in light of Christ and the Magisterium (CIC 2559). Here, the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). The spiritual sense invites believers to recognize God's kingdom and kingship as part of God's pedagogy of salvation.

The moral and spiritual import remains timely: God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.. St. Jerome insisted that ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ; this chapter offers material for meditation, examination of conscience, and deeper love of God.

Main Teachings

  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • 'Be holy, for I am holy': God calls His people to be set apart for Him in every area of life.
  • From the manna to the Last Supper, God feeds His people — fully in the Eucharist.

People in This Chapter

David12 mentionsSaul4 mentionsGoliath1 mention

Reflection for Today

The late section of 1 Samuel—Chapter 21 of 31—opens a particular moment in the story of the transition from judges to monarchy.

According to Catholic teaching, the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). This chapter especially highlights the fear of the Lord as wisdom, a theme the Catechism develops in relation to the whole of revelation (CIC 461).

May your reading of 1 Samuel Chapter 21 become true lectio divina: read the words, meditate on their meaning, respond in prayer, and rest in God's presence. Ask the Holy Spirit to show how God looks at the heart, not outward appearance applies to your life today.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Samuel Chapter 21 about?

1 Samuel 21 contains 15 verses. It opens with "And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him:…" and closes with "Have we need of mad men, that you have brought in this fellow, to play the madman in my presence? shall this fellow…". The book as a whole is historical narrative.

What is a key verse in 1 Samuel 21?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David's coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Samuel Chapter 21?

This chapter mentions David, Saul, Goliath.

Who wrote 1 Samuel and when?

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors. Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Deepen your understanding with these related articles