Proverbs – Chapter 31

Old Testament31 Verses

Chapter Summary

Proverbs 31 opens with the words: "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." Across its 31 verses, two threads run through the text: justice and care for the poor and family and covenant relationships. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him.

2What, O my beloved, what, O the beloved of my womb, what, O the beloved of my vows?

3Give not thy substance to women, and thy riches to destroy kings.

4Give not to kings, O Lamuel, give not wine to kings: because there is no secret where drunkenness reigneth:

5And lest they drink and forget judgments, and pervert the cause of the children of the poor.

6Give strong drink to them that are sad; and wine to them that are grieved in mind:

7Let them drink, and forget their want, and remember their sorrow no more.

8Open thy mouth for the dumb, and for the causes of all the children that pass.

9Open thy mouth, decree that which is just, and do justice to the needy and poor.

10Who shall find a valiant woman? far, and from the uttermost coasts is the price of her.

11The heart of her husband trusteth in her, and he shall have no need of spoils.

12She will render him good, and not evil all the days of her life.

13She hath sought wool and flax, and hath wrought by the counsel of her hands.

14She is like the merchant's ship, she bringeth her bread from afar.

15And she hath risen in the night, and given a prey to her household, and victuals to her maidens.

16She hath considered a field, and bought it: with the fruit of her hands she hath planted a vineyard.

17She hath girded her loins with strength, and hath strengthened her arm.

18She hath tasted, and seen that her traffic is good: her lamp shall not be put out in the night.

19She hath put out her hand to strong things, and her fingers have taken hold of the spindle.

20She hath opened her hand to the needy, and stretched out her hands to the poor.

21She shall not fear for her house in the cold of snow: for all her domestics are clothed with double garments.

22She hath made for herself clothing of tapestry: fine linen, and purple, is her covering.

23Her husband is honourable in the gates, when he sitteth among the senators of the land.

24She made fine linen, and sold it, and delivered a girdle to the Chanaanite.

25Strength and beauty are her clothing, and she shall laugh in the latter day.

26She hath opened her mouth to wisdom, and the law of clemency is on her tongue.

27She hath looked well on the paths of her house, and hath not eaten her bread idle.

28Her children rose up, and called her blessed: her husband, and he praised her.

29Many daughters have gathered together riches: thou hast surpassed them all.

30Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: the woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised.

31Give her of the fruit of her hands: and let her works praise her in the gates.

Important Verses in Proverbs 31

The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him.

Proverbs 31:1

Open thy mouth, decree that which is just, and do justice to the needy and poor.

Proverbs 31:9

She will render him good, and not evil all the days of her life.

Proverbs 31:12

Her children rose up, and called her blessed: her husband, and he praised her.

Proverbs 31:28

Historical Context

Proverbs addresses the young and all who seek to live skillfully before God within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 31 of 31 brings the book to its close, gathering up themes introduced earlier. It is a wisdom instruction on how to live before God in ordinary circumstances with 31 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The passage starts with these words: "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." The final verse reads: "Give her of the fruit of her hands: and let her works praise her in the gates. " In terms of historical background, Proverbs distills practical wisdom for daily life—speech, work, friendship, family, money—under one master principle: 'The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom' (Prov 9:10). Catholic tradition dates the book to the period described in its introduction: Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC.

Who Wrote It

Principally Solomon; also Agur, Lemuel, and 'the wise'

When It Was Written

Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC

Catholic Commentary

This chapter offers practical instruction on how to live wisely before God in daily life. A pivotal line is verse 1: "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." The passage repeatedly touches on justice and care for the poor.

Catholic exegesis reads Proverbs 31 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. Christ is the Wisdom of God incarnate (CIC 721). St. Athanasius and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 1362).

The moral and spiritual import remains timely: God defends the poor and the oppressed, and calls His people to act with justice.. St. Jerome insisted that ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ; this chapter offers material for meditation, examination of conscience, and deeper love of God.

Main Teachings

  • God defends the poor and the oppressed, and calls His people to act with justice.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.

Reflection for Today

In Proverbs Chapter 31, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of wisdom for daily living.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). Proverbs Chapter 31 supports that call by drawing attention to redemptive suffering united to the Cross within the wider message that The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.

As you continue through Proverbs, carry this chapter's lesson into your family, parish, and work. Catholic faith is always ecclesial—God speaks to us as members of Christ's Body, not as isolated individuals.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Proverbs Chapter 31 about?

Proverbs 31 contains 31 verses. It opens with "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." and closes with "Give her of the fruit of her hands: and let her works praise her in the gates. ". The book as a whole is wisdom sayings and instructions.

What is a key verse in Proverbs 31?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who wrote Proverbs and when?

Principally Solomon; also Agur, Lemuel, and 'the wise'. Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC.

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