Esther – Chapter 4

Old Testament17 Verses

Chapter Summary

"Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud…" — so begins Esther 4. The chapter centers on Mordecai, Esther and Haman. Across its 17 verses, two threads run through the text: God's kingdom and kingship and God's protection and deliverance. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud voice in the street in the midst of the city, shewing the anguish of his mind.

2And he came lamenting in this manner even to the gate of the palace: for no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king's court.

3And in all provinces, towns, and places, to which the king's cruel edict was come, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, wailing, and weeping, many using sackcloth and ashes for their bed.

4Then Esther's maids and her eunuchs went in, and told her. And when she heard it she was in a consternation and she sent a garment, to clothe him, and to take away the sackcloth: but he would not receive it.

5And she called for Athach the eunuch, whom the king had appointed to attend upon her, and she commanded him to go to Mardochai, and learn of him why he did this.

6And Athach going out went to Mardochai, who was standing in the street of the city, before the palace gate:

7And Mardochai told him all that had happened, how Aman had promised to pay money into the king's treasures, to have the Jews destroyed.

8He gave him also a copy of the edict which was hanging up in Susan, that he should shew it to the queen, and admonish her to go in to the king, and to entreat him for her people.

9And Athach went back and told Esther all that Mardochai had said.

10She answered him, and bade him say to Mardochai:

11All the king's servants, and all the provinces that are under his dominion, know, that whosoever, whether man or woman, cometh into the king's inner court, who is not called for, is immediately to be put to death without any delay: except the king shall hold out the golden sceptre to him, in token of clemency, that so he may live. How then can I go in to the king, who for these thirty days now have not been called unto him?

12And when Mardochai had heard this,

13He sent word to Esther again, saying: Think not that thou mayst save thy life only, because thou art in the king's house, more than all the Jews:

14For if thou wilt now hold thy peace, the Jews shall be delivered by some other occasion: and thou, and thy father's house shall perish. And who knoweth whether thou art not therefore come to the kingdom, that thou mightest be ready in such a time as this?

15And again Esther sent to Mardochai in these words:

16Go, and gather together all the Jews whom thou shalt find in Susan, and pray ye for me. Neither eat nor drink for three days and three nights: and I with my handmaids will fast in like manner, and then I will go in to the king, against the law, not being called, and expose myself to death and to danger.

17So Mardochai went, and did all that Esther had commanded him.

Important Verses in Esther 4

Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud voice in the street in the midst of the city, shewing the anguish of his mind.

Esther 4:1

Then Esther's maids and her eunuchs went in, and told her. And when she heard it she was in a consternation and she sent a garment, to clothe him, and to take away the sackcloth: but he would not receive it.

Esther 4:4

He sent word to Esther again, saying: Think not that thou mayst save thy life only, because thou art in the king's house, more than all the Jews:

Esther 4:13

So Mardochai went, and did all that Esther had commanded him.

Esther 4:17

Historical Context

Esther addresses jews of the Diaspora, celebrating deliverance commemorated at Purim within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 4 of 16 belongs to the early movement of the book, where the narrative or argument is still unfolding. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 17 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Mordecai, Esther and Haman, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. The chapter begins: "Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and…" It concludes: "So Mardochai went, and did all that Esther had commanded him. " The wider setting of Esther is this: Set in the Persian court of King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I, 486-465 BC), Esther tells how a Jewish queen risked her life to save her people from the genocide plotted by Haman. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Esther around Probably 4th-2nd century BC.

Who Wrote It

Unknown; the Greek additions are part of the Catholic canon

When It Was Written

Probably 4th-2nd century BC

Catholic Commentary

In this 17-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of providence and deliverance of God's people. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud voice in the street…" The passage repeatedly touches on God's kingdom and kingship.

Catholic exegesis reads Esther 4 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. God's hidden providence works through human courage (CIC 303). St. Cyril of Alexandria and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 1362).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.
  • God binds Himself to His people by covenant, and He never breaks His word.

People in This Chapter

Mordecai9 mentionsEsther5 mentionsHaman1 mention

Reflection for Today

In Esther Chapter 4, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of providence and deliverance of God's people.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). Esther Chapter 4 supports that call by drawing attention to purity of heart and interior conversion within the wider message that God protects His people.

As you continue through Esther, carry this chapter's lesson into your family, parish, and work. Catholic faith is always ecclesial—God speaks to us as members of Christ's Body, not as isolated individuals.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Esther Chapter 4 about?

Esther 4 contains 17 verses. It opens with "Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and…" and closes with "So Mardochai went, and did all that Esther had commanded him. ". The book as a whole is historical narrative (with deuterocanonical additions).

What is a key verse in Esther 4?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Now when Mardochai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud voice in the street in the midst of the…" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Esther Chapter 4?

This chapter mentions Mordecai, Esther, Haman.

Who wrote Esther and when?

Unknown; the Greek additions are part of the Catholic canon. Probably 4th-2nd century BC.

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