Esther – Chapter 10

Old Testament13 Verses

Chapter Summary

Esther 10 opens with the words: "And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary." The chapter centers on Mordecai, Esther and Haman. Across its 13 verses, two threads run through the text: God's protection and deliverance and God's kingdom and kingship. Read slowly, this chapter rewards the kind of prayerful attention the Church calls lectio divina.

1And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary.

2And his strength and his empire, and the dignity and greatness wherewith he exalted Mardochai, are written in the books of the Medes, and of the Persians:

3And how Mardochai of the race of the Jews, was next after king Assuerus: and great among the Jews, and acceptable to the people of his brethren, seeking the good of his people, and speaking those things which were for the welfare of his seed.

4Then Mardochai said: God hath done these things.

5I remember a dream that I saw, which signified these same things: and nothing thereof hath failed.

6The little fountain which grew into a river, and was turned into a light, and into the sun, and abounded into many waters, is Esther, whom the king married, and made queen.

7But the two dragons are I and Aman.

8The nations that were assembled are they that endeavoured to destroy the name of the Jews.

9And my nation is Israel, who cried to the Lord, and the Lord saved his people: and he delivered us from all evils, and hath wrought great signs and wonders among the nations:

10And he commanded that there should be two lots, one of the people of God, and the other of all the nations.

11And both lots came to the day appointed already from that time before God to all nations:

12And the Lord remembered his people, and had mercy on his inheritance.

13And these days shall be observed in the month of Adar on the fourteenth, and fifteenth day of the same month, with all diligence, and joy of the people gathered into one assembly, throughout all the generations hereafter of the people of Israel.

Important Verses in Esther 10

And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary.

Esther 10:1

Then Mardochai said: God hath done these things.

Esther 10:4

And my nation is Israel, who cried to the Lord, and the Lord saved his people: and he delivered us from all evils, and hath wrought great signs and wonders among the nations:

Esther 10:9

And the Lord remembered his people, and had mercy on his inheritance.

Esther 10:12

Historical Context

Esther addresses jews of the Diaspora, celebrating deliverance commemorated at Purim within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 10 of 16 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 13 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Mordecai, Esther and Haman appear at the center of the events recorded here. The chapter begins: "And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary." The final verse reads: "And these days shall be observed in the month of Adar on the fourteenth, and fifteenth day of the same month, with all…" The wider setting of Esther is this: Set in the Persian court of King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I, 486-465 BC), Esther tells how a Jewish queen risked her life to save her people from the genocide plotted by Haman. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Probably 4th-2nd century BC.

Who Wrote It

Unknown; the Greek additions are part of the Catholic canon

When It Was Written

Probably 4th-2nd century BC

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense of Esther 10 presents a concrete episode in the history of providence and deliverance of God's people. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary." The passage repeatedly touches on God's protection and deliverance.

The Church teaches that every passage of Scripture must be read in light of Christ and the Magisterium (CIC 133). Here, God's hidden providence works through human courage (CIC 303). The spiritual sense invites believers to recognize God's protection and deliverance as part of God's pedagogy of salvation.

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God protects His people. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Esther 10 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • God's mercy is greater than any sin; He calls us to receive His forgiveness and extend it to others.

People in This Chapter

Mordecai3 mentionsEsther1 mentionHaman1 mention

Reflection for Today

Sacred Scripture presents Esther Chapter 10 as a unique stage in salvation history, not merely as background to other books.

St. Irenaeus and other Fathers of the Church meditated on texts like this one, seeing in them instruction for the spiritual life. God's hidden providence works through human courage (CIC 303). The passage calls believers to grasp that God protects His people.

Consider praying with this chapter again at day's end, offering God gratitude for one insight received. The Church encourages daily contact with Scripture (CIC 1700) so that Christ's mind may be formed in us.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Esther Chapter 10 about?

Esther 10 contains 13 verses. It opens with "And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary." and closes with "And these days shall be observed in the month of Adar on the fourteenth, and fifteenth day of the same month, with all…". The book as a whole is historical narrative (with deuterocanonical additions).

What is a key verse in Esther 10?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And king Assuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Esther Chapter 10?

This chapter mentions Mordecai, Esther, Haman.

Who wrote Esther and when?

Unknown; the Greek additions are part of the Catholic canon. Probably 4th-2nd century BC.

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