Nahum – Chapter 3

Old Testament19 Verses

Chapter Summary

Nahum 3 opens with the words: "Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee." Across its 19 verses, two threads run through the text: God's kingdom and kingship and courage in the face of fear. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee.

2The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the neighing horse; and of the running chariot, and of the horsemen coming up,

3And of the shining sword, and of the glittering spear, and of a multitude slain, and of a grievous destruction: and there is no end of carcasses, and they shall fall down on their dead bodies.

4Because of the multitude of the fornications of the harlot that was beautiful and agreeable, and that made use of witchcraft, that sold nations through her fornications, and families through her witchcrafts.

5Behold I come against thee, saith the Lord of hosts: and I will discover thy shame to thy face, and will shew thy nakedness to the nations, and thy shame to kingdoms.

6And I will cast abominations upon thee, and will disgrace thee, and will make an example of thee.

7And it shall come to pass that every one that shall see thee, shall flee from thee, and shall say: Ninive is laid waste: who shall bemoan thee? whence shall I seek a comforter for thee?

8Art thou better than the populous Alexandria, that dwelleth among the rivers? waters are round about it: the sea is its riches: the waters are its walls.

9Ethiopia and Egypt were the strength thereof, and there is no end: Africa and the Libyans were thy helpers.

10Yet she also was removed and carried into captivity: her young children were dashed in pieces at the top of every street, and they cast lots upon her nobles, and all her great men were bound in fetters.

11Therefore thou also shalt be made drunk, and shalt be despised: and thou shalt seek help from the enemies.

12All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with their green figs: if they be shaken, they shall fall into the mouth of the eater.

13Behold thy people in the midst of thee are women: the gates of thy land shall be set wide open to thy enemies, the fire shall devour thy bars.

14Draw thee water for the siege, build up thy bulwarks: go into the clay, and tread, work it and make brick.

15There shall the fire devour thee: thou shalt perish by the sword, it shall devour thee like the bruchus: assemble together like the bruchus, make thyself many like the locust.

16Thou hast multiplied thy merchandises above the stars of heaven: the bruchus hath spread himself and flown away.

17Thy guards are like the locusts: and thy little ones like the locusts of locusts which swarm on the hedges in the day of cold: the sun arose, and they flew away, and their place was not known where they were.

18Thy shepherds have slumbered, O king of Assyria, thy princes shall be buried: thy people are hid in the mountains, and there is none to gather them.

19Thy destruction is not hidden, thy wound is grievous: all that have heard the fame of thee, have clapped their hands over thee: for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?

Important Verses in Nahum 3

Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee.

Nahum 3:1

Behold I come against thee, saith the Lord of hosts: and I will discover thy shame to thy face, and will shew thy nakedness to the nations, and thy shame to kingdoms.

Nahum 3:5

Thou hast multiplied thy merchandises above the stars of heaven: the bruchus hath spread himself and flown away.

Nahum 3:16

Thy destruction is not hidden, thy wound is grievous: all that have heard the fame of thee, have clapped their hands over thee: for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?

Nahum 3:19

Historical Context

Nahum belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for judah, oppressed by Assyria, assured that tyranny does not have the last word. Chapter 3 of 3 brings the book to its close, gathering up themes introduced earlier. It is a legal and cultic instruction given to Israel regarding worship, holiness, and daily life with 19 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. It opens with the line: "Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee." It concludes: "Thy destruction is not hidden, thy wound is grievous: all that have heard the fame of thee, have clapped their hands…" Read against its original backdrop, A century after Nineveh repented at Jonah's preaching, the Assyrian capital had returned to cruelty, and Nahum announces its irrevocable fall to the Babylonians and Medes. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Nahum around Shortly before the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.

Who Wrote It

The prophet Nahum of Elkosh

When It Was Written

Shortly before the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC

Catholic Commentary

This chapter presents divine statutes and cultic norms that shaped Israel's worship and moral life. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee." The passage repeatedly touches on God's kingdom and kingship.

Catholic exegesis reads Nahum 3 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. God is slow to anger but will not leave the guilty unpunished (CIC 270). St. Augustine and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 436).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that The Lord is a stronghold in the day of trouble. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Nahum 3 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • God's presence casts out fear; His command 'Be not afraid' echoes throughout salvation history.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.

Reflection for Today

Sacred Scripture presents Nahum Chapter 3 as a unique stage in salvation history, not merely as background to other books.

St. John Chrysostom and other Fathers of the Church meditated on texts like this one, seeing in them instruction for the spiritual life. God is slow to anger but will not leave the guilty unpunished (CIC 270). The passage calls believers to grasp that The Lord is a stronghold in the day of trouble.

Consider praying with this chapter again at day's end, offering God gratitude for one insight received. The Church encourages daily contact with Scripture (CIC 618) so that Christ's mind may be formed in us.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Nahum Chapter 3 about?

Nahum 3 contains 19 verses. It opens with "Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee." and closes with "Thy destruction is not hidden, thy wound is grievous: all that have heard the fame of thee, have clapped their hands…". The book as a whole is prophetic oracle of judgment.

What is a key verse in Nahum 3?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who wrote Nahum and when?

The prophet Nahum of Elkosh. Shortly before the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.

Deepen your understanding with these related articles