Judith – Chapter 5

Old Testament29 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 5 of Judith begins: "And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to resist, and had…" The chapter centers on Nebuchadnezzar and Holofernes. Across its 29 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and worship and praise. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to resist, and had shut up the ways of the mountains.

2And he was transported with exceeding great fury and indignation, and he called all the princes of Moab and the leaders of Ammon.

3And he said to them: Tell me what is this people that besetteth the mountains: or what are their cities, and of what sort, and how great: also what is their power, or what is their multitude: or who is the king over their warfare:

4And why they above all that dwell in the east, have despised us, and have not come out to meet us, that they might receive us with peace?

5Then Achior captain of all the children of Ammon answering, said; If thou vouchsafe, my lord, to hear, I will tell the truth in thy sight concerning this people, that dwelleth in the mountains, and there shall not a false word come out of my mouth.

6This people is of the offspring of the Chaldeans.

7They dwelt first in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, who were in the land of the Chaldeans.

8Wherefore forsaking the ceremonies of their fathers, which consisted in the worship of many gods,

9They worshipped one God of heaven, who also commanded them to depart from thence, and to dwell in Charan. And when there was a famine over all the land, they went down into Egypt, and there for four hundred years were so multiplied, that the army of them could not be numbered.

10And when the king of Egypt oppressed them, and made slaves of them to labour in clay and brick, in the building of his cities, they cried to their Lord, and he struck the whole land of Egypt with divers plagues.

11And when the Egyptians had cast them out from them, and the plague had ceased from them, and they had a mind to take them again, and bring them back to their service,

12The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the bottom of the sea and passed it dry foot.

13And when an innumerable army of the Egyptians pursued after them in that place, they were so overwhelmed with the waters, that there was not one left, to tell what had happened to posterity.

14After they came out of the Red Sea, they abode in the deserts of mount Sina, in which never man could dwell, or son of man rested.

15There bitter fountains were made sweet for them to drink, and for forty years they received food from heaven.

16Wheresoever they went in without bow and arrow, and without shield and sword, their God fought for them and overcame.

17And there was no one that triumphed over this people, but when they departed from the worship of the Lord their God.

18But as often as beside their own God, they worshipped any other, they were given to spoil and to the sword, and to reproach.

19And as often as they were penitent for having revolted from the worship of their God, the God of heaven gave them power to resist.

20So they overthrew the king of the Chanaanites, and of the Jebusites, and of the Pherezites, and of the Hethites, and of the Hevites, and of the Amorrhites, and all the mighty ones in Hesebon, and they possessed their lands, and their cities:

21And as long as they sinned not in the sight of their God, it was well with them: for their God hateth iniquity.

22And even some years ago when they had revolted from the way which God had given them to walk therein, they were destroyed in battles by many nations and very many of them were led away captive into a strange land.

23But of late returning to the Lord their God, from the different places wherein they were scattered, they are come together and are gone up into all these mountains, and possess Jerusalem again, where their holies are.

24Now therefore, my lord, search if there be any iniquity of theirs in the sight of their God: let us go up to them, because their God will surely deliver them to thee, and they shall be brought under the yoke of thy power:

25But if there be no offence of this people in the sight of their God, we cannot resist them because their God will defend them: and we shall be a reproach to the whole earth.

26And it came to pass, when Achior had ceased to speak these words, all the great men of Holofernes were angry, and they had a mind to kill him, saying to each other:

27Who is this, that saith the children of Israel can resist king Nabuchodonosor, and his armies, men unarmed, and without force, and without skill in the art of war?

28That Achior therefore may know that he deceiveth us, let us go up into the mountains: and when the bravest of them shall be taken, then shall he with them be stabbed with the sword,

29That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other.

Important Verses in Judith 5

The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the bottom of the sea and passed it dry foot.

Judith 5:12

And there was no one that triumphed over this people, but when they departed from the worship of the Lord their God.

Judith 5:17

But of late returning to the Lord their God, from the different places wherein they were scattered, they are come together and are gone up into all these mountains, and possess Jerusalem again, where their holies are.

Judith 5:23

That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other.

Judith 5:29

Historical Context

Judith addresses israel under foreign oppression, called to courage and prayer within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 5 of 16 belongs to the early movement of the book, where the narrative or argument is still unfolding. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 29 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Nebuchadnezzar and Holofernes, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. The passage starts with these words: "And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to…" It concludes: "That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other. " The wider setting of Judith is this: Judith is a deuterocanonical account of a courageous widow who saves Israel by beheading the invading general Holofernes. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis.

Who Wrote It

Unknown Jewish author

When It Was Written

Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense of Judith 5 presents a concrete episode in the history of courage, faith, and God's deliverance. A pivotal line is verse 12: "The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the…" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads Judith 5 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. Judith prefigures Mary, who crushes the serpent's head (CIC 489). St. Augustine and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 113).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • Worship is the heart of the covenant: giving God the praise and adoration that are His due.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.

People in This Chapter

Nebuchadnezzar2 mentionsHolofernes2 mentions

Reflection for Today

As Catholics read Judith Chapter 5, we do so within the living Tradition that has guarded this text for two millennia.

The saints did not treat Scripture as antiquarian literature. St. Teresa of Avila, St. Francis de Sales, and countless others used passages such as this to fuel daily conversion. intercession for others remains a practical lesson for modern disciples.

If this passage raises questions, seek the Church's teaching through the Catechism, a faithful priest, or sound Catholic commentaries. Private interpretation must remain in harmony with the Magisterium (CIC 1604).

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Judith Chapter 5 about?

Judith 5 contains 29 verses. It opens with "And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to…" and closes with "That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other. ". The book as a whole is edifying narrative (deuterocanonical).

What is a key verse in Judith 5?

One of the most significant verses is verse 12: "The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the bottom of the sea and…" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Judith Chapter 5?

This chapter mentions Nebuchadnezzar, Holofernes.

Who wrote Judith and when?

Unknown Jewish author. Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis.

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