Judith – Chapter 3

Old Testament15 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 3 of Judith begins: "Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their…" The chapter centers on Nebuchadnezzar and Holofernes. Across its 15 verses, two threads run through the text: God's kingdom and kingship and suffering and trial. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their ambassadors, who coming to Holofernes, said:

2Let thy indignation towards us cease, for it is better for us to live and serve Nabuchodonosor the great king, and be subject to thee, than to die and to perish, or suffer the miseries of slavery.

3All our cities and our possessions, all mountains and hills, and fields, and herds of oxen, and flocks of sheep, and goats, and horses, and camels, and all our goods, and families are in thy sight:

4Let all we have be subject to thy law,

5Both we and our children are thy servants.

6Come to us a peaceable lord, and use our service as it shall please thee,

7Then he came down from the mountains with horsemen, in great power, and made himself master of every city, and all the inhabitants of the land.

8And from all the cities he took auxiliaries valiant men, and chosen for war,

9And so great a fear lay upon all those provinces, that the inhabitants of all the cities, both princes and nobles, as well as the people, went out to meet him at his coming.

10And received him with garlands, and lights, and dances, and timbrels, and flutes.

11And though they did these things, they could not for all that mitigate the fierceness of his heart:

12For he both destroyed their cities, and cut down their groves.

13For Nabuchodonosor the king had commanded him to destroy all the gods of the earth, that he only might be called God by those nations which could be brought under him by the power of Holofernes.

14And when he had passed through all Syria Sobal, and all Apamea, and all Mesopotamia, he came to the Idumeans into the land of Gabaa,

15And he took possession of their cities, and stayed there for thirty days, in which days he commanded all the troops of his army to be united.

Important Verses in Judith 3

Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their ambassadors, who coming to Holofernes, said:

Judith 3:1

Come to us a peaceable lord, and use our service as it shall please thee,

Judith 3:6

And received him with garlands, and lights, and dances, and timbrels, and flutes.

Judith 3:10

For Nabuchodonosor the king had commanded him to destroy all the gods of the earth, that he only might be called God by those nations which could be brought under him by the power of Holofernes.

Judith 3:13

Historical Context

Judith belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for israel under foreign oppression, called to courage and prayer. Chapter 3 of 16 belongs to the early movement of the book, where the narrative or argument is still unfolding. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 15 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on Nebuchadnezzar and Holofernes, the principal figures named in this chapter. The chapter begins: "Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and…" It concludes: "And he took possession of their cities, and stayed there for thirty days, in which days he commanded all the troops of…" In terms of historical background, Judith is a deuterocanonical account of a courageous widow who saves Israel by beheading the invading general Holofernes. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Judith around Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis.

Who Wrote It

Unknown Jewish author

When It Was Written

Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis

Catholic Commentary

In this 15-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of courage, faith, and God's deliverance. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their ambassadors, who…" The passage repeatedly touches on God's kingdom and kingship.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of courage, faith, and God's deliverance. Judith prefigures Mary, who crushes the serpent's head (CIC 489). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 2105).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God uses the weak to defeat the strong. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Judith 3 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • Suffering, united to Christ, becomes a path of purification and deeper trust in God.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.

People in This Chapter

Nebuchadnezzar2 mentionsHolofernes2 mentions

Reflection for Today

In Judith Chapter 3, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of courage, faith, and God's deliverance.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). Judith Chapter 3 supports that call by drawing attention to trust in providence amid uncertainty within the wider message that God uses the weak to defeat the strong.

If this passage raises questions, seek the Church's teaching through the Catechism, a faithful priest, or sound Catholic commentaries. Private interpretation must remain in harmony with the Magisterium (CIC 1700).

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Judith Chapter 3 about?

Judith 3 contains 15 verses. It opens with "Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and…" and closes with "And he took possession of their cities, and stayed there for thirty days, in which days he commanded all the troops of…". The book as a whole is edifying narrative (deuterocanonical).

What is a key verse in Judith 3?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their ambassadors, who coming to Holofernes,…" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Judith Chapter 3?

This chapter mentions Nebuchadnezzar, Holofernes.

Who wrote Judith and when?

Unknown Jewish author. Probably 2nd century BC, during or after the Maccabean crisis.

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