Judges – Chapter 20

Old Testament48 Verses

Chapter Summary

Judges 20 opens with the words: "Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of Galaad, to the Lord in…" The chapter centers on Eleazar and Aaron. Across its 48 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and sin and divine judgment. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of Galaad, to the Lord in Maspha:

2And all the chiefs of the people, and all the tribes of Israel, met together in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen fit for war.

3(Nor were the children of Benjamin ignorant that the children of Israel were come up to Maspha.) And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was killed being asked, how so great a wickedness had been committed,

4Answered: I came into Gabaa, of Benjamin, with my wife, and there I lodged:

5And behold the men of that city, in the night beset the house wherein I was, intending to kill me, and abused my wife with an incredible fury of lust, so that at last she died.

6And I took her and cut her in pieces, and sent the parts into all the borders of your possession: because there never was so heinous a crime, and so great an abomination committed in Israel.

7You are all here, O children of Israel, determine what you ought to do.

8And all the people standing, answered as by the voice of one man: We will not return to our tents, neither shall any one of us go into his own house:

9But this we will do in common against Gabaa:

10We will take ten men of a hundred out of all the tribes of Israel, and a hundred out of a thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to bring victuals for the army, that we may fight against Gabaa of Benjamin, and render to it for its wickedness, what it deserveth.

11And all Israel were gathered together against the city, as one man, with one mind, and one counsel:

12And they sent messengers to all the tribe of Benjamin, to say to them: Why hath so great an abomination been found among you?

13Deliver up the men of Gabaa, that have committed this heinous crime, that they may die, and the evil may be taken away out of Israel. But they would not hearken to the proposition of their brethren the children of Israel:

14But out of all the cities which were of their lot, they gathered themselves together into Gabaa, to aid them, and to fight against the whole people of Israel.

15And there were found of Benjamin five and twenty thousand men that drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gabaa,

16Who were seven hundred most valiant men, fighting with the left hand as well as with the right: and slinging stones so sure that they could hit even a hair, and not miss by the stone's going on either side.

17Of the men of Israel also, beside the children of Benjamin, were found four hundred thousand that drew swords and were prepared to fight.

18And they arose and came to the house of God, that is, to Silo: and they consulted God, and said: Who shall be in our army the first to go to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the Lord answered them: Let Juda be your leader.

19And forthwith the children of Israel rising in the morning, camped by Gabaa:

20And going out from thence to fight against Benjamin, began to assault the city.

21And the children of Benjamin coming out of Gabaa slew of the children of Israel that day two and twenty thousand men.

22Again Israel, trusting in their strength and their number, set their army in array in the same place, where they had fought before:

23Yet so that they first went up and wept before the Lord until night: and consulted him and said: Shall I go out any more to fight against the children of Benjamin my brethren or not? And he answered them: Go up against them, and join battle.

24And when the children of Israel went out the next day to fight against the children of Benjamin,

25The children of Benjamin sallied forth out of the gates of Gabaa: and meeting them, made so great a slaughter of them, as to kill eighteen thousand men that drew the sword.

26Wherefore all the children of Israel came to the house of God, and sat and wept before the Lord: and they fasted that day till the evening, and offered to him holocausts, and victims of peace offerings,

27And inquired of him concerning their state. At that time the ark of the covenant of the Lord was there,

28And Phinees, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, was over the house. So they consulted the Lord, and said: Shall we go out any more to fight against the children of Benjamin, our brethren, or shall we cease? And the Lord said to them: Go up, for to morrow I will deliver them into your hands.

29And the children of Israel set ambushes round about the city of Gabaa:

30And they drew up their army against Benjamin the third time, as they had done the first and second.

31And the children of Benjamin boldly issued out of the city, and seeing their enemies flee, pursued them a long way, so as to wound and kill some of them, as they had done the first and second day, whilst they fled by two highways, whereof one goeth up to Bethel and the other to Gabaa, and they slew about thirty men:

32For they thought to cut them off as they did before. But they artfully feigning a flight, designed to draw them away from the city, and by their seeming to flee, to bring them to the highways aforesaid.

33Then all the children of Israel rising up out of the places where they were, set their army in battle array, in the place which is called Baalthamar. The ambushes also, which were about the city, began by little and little to come forth,

34And to march from the west side of the city. And other ten thousand men chosen out of all Israel, attacked the inhabitants of the city. And the battle grew hot against the children of Benjamin: and they understood not that present death threatened them on every side.

35And the Lord defeated them before the children of Israel, and they slew of them in that day five and twenty thousand, and one hundred, all fighting men, and that drew the sword.

36But the children of Benjamin, when they saw themselves to be too weak, began to flee. Which the children of Israel seeing, gave them place to flee, that they might come to the ambushes that were prepared, which they had set near the city.

37And they that were in ambush arose on a sudden out of their coverts, and whilst Benjamin turned their backs to the slayers, went into the city, and smote it with the edge of the sword.

38Now the children of Israel had given a sign to them, whom they had laid in ambushes, that after they had taken the city, they should make a fire: that by the smoke rising on high, they might shew that the city was taken.

39And when the children of Israel saw this in the battle, (for the children of Benjamin thought they fled, and pursued them vigorously, killing thirty men of their army)

40And perceived, as it were, a pillar of smoke rise up from the city; and Benjamin looking back, saw that the city was taken, and that the flames ascended on high:

41They that before had made as if they fled, turning their faces, stood bravely against them. Which the children of Benjamin seeing, turned their backs,

42And began to go towards the way of the desert, the enemy pursuing them thither also. And they that fired the city came also out to meet them.

43And so it was, that they were slain on both sides by the enemies, and there was no rest of their men dying. They fell and were beaten down on the east side of the city of Gabaa.

44And they that were slain in the same place, were eighteen thousand men, all most valiant soldiers.

45And when they that remained of Benjamin saw this, they fled into the wilderness, and made towards the rock that is called Remmon. In that flight also, as they were straggling, and going different ways; they slew of them five thousand men. And as they went farther, they still pursued them, and slew also other two thousand.

46And so it came to pass, that all that were slain of Benjamin, in divers places, were five and twenty thousand fighting men, most valiant for war.

47And there remained of all the number of Benjamin only six hundred men that were able to escape, and flee to the wilderness: and they abode in the rock Remmon four months.

48But the children of Israel returning, put all the remains of the city to the sword, both men and beasts, and all the cities and villages of Benjamin were consumed with devouring flames.

Important Verses in Judges 20

Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of Galaad, to the Lord in Maspha:

Judges 20:1

And they arose and came to the house of God, that is, to Silo: and they consulted God, and said: Who shall be in our army the first to go to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the Lord answered them: Let Juda be your leader.

Judges 20:18

Wherefore all the children of Israel came to the house of God, and sat and wept before the Lord: and they fasted that day till the evening, and offered to him holocausts, and victims of peace offerings,

Judges 20:26

And the Lord defeated them before the children of Israel, and they slew of them in that day five and twenty thousand, and one hundred, all fighting men, and that drew the sword.

Judges 20:35

Historical Context

Judges belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for israel under the monarchy, shown the chaos that comes from abandoning the covenant. Chapter 20 of 21 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 48 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Eleazar and Aaron, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. It opens with the line: "Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of…" The chapter ends with: "But the children of Israel returning, put all the remains of the city to the sword, both men and beasts, and all the…" The wider setting of Judges is this: Judges covers the turbulent centuries between Joshua's conquest and the rise of the monarchy, when 'there was no king in Israel. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy.

Who Wrote It

Unknown; tradition points to the prophet Samuel as compiler of the traditions

When It Was Written

Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy

Catholic Commentary

In this 48-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of cycles of sin, oppression, and deliverance. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of Galaad, to the Lord in Maspha:" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads Judges 20 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Church sees in the judges prefigurations of Christ the Savior (CIC 64). St. Irenaeus and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 385).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.
  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.

People in This Chapter

Eleazar1 mentionAaron1 mention

Reflection for Today

Catholic exegesis approaches Judges Chapter 20 with reverence, seeking both the literal sense and the spiritual meaning ordered to Christ.

Catholic theology recognizes that cycles of sin, oppression, and deliverance is not an abstract idea but a reality encountered in prayer, sacraments, and charity. This chapter contributes to that vision by stressing forgiveness and reconciliation.

Consider praying with this chapter again at day's end, offering God gratitude for one insight received. The Church encourages daily contact with Scripture (CIC 436) so that Christ's mind may be formed in us.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Judges Chapter 20 about?

Judges 20 contains 48 verses. It opens with "Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of…" and closes with "But the children of Israel returning, put all the remains of the city to the sword, both men and beasts, and all the…". The book as a whole is historical narrative organized in cycles.

What is a key verse in Judges 20?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Then all the children of Israel went out, and gathered together as one man, from Dan to Bersabee, with the land of Galaad, to the Lord in Maspha:" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Judges Chapter 20?

This chapter mentions Eleazar, Aaron.

Who wrote Judges and when?

Unknown; tradition points to the prophet Samuel as compiler of the traditions. Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy.

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