Judges – Chapter 10

Old Testament18 Verses

Chapter Summary

"After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount…" — so begins Judges 10. Abimelech stands at the center of this chapter. Across its 18 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and sin and divine judgment. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount Ephraim:

2And he judged Israel three and twenty years, and he died, and was buried in Samir.

3To him succeeded Jair, the Galaadite, who judged Israel for two and twenty years,

4Having thirty sons, that rode on thirty ass colts, and were princes of thirty cities, which from his name were called Havoth Jair, that is, the towns of Jair, until this present day, in the land of Galaad.

5And Jair died, and was buried in the place which is called Camon.

6But the children of Israel, adding new sins to their old ones, did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served idols, Baalim and Astaroth, and the gods of Syria, and of Sidon, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines: and they left the Lord, and did not serve him.

7And the Lord being angry with them, delivered them into the hands of the Philistines, and of the children of Ammon.

8And they were afflicted, and grievously oppressed for eighteen years, all they that dwelt beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorrhite, who is in Galaad:

9Insomuch that the children of Ammon, passing over the Jordan, wasted Juda, and Benjamin, and Ephraim: and Israel was distressed exceedingly.

10And they cried to the Lord, and said, We have sinned against thee, because we have forsaken the Lord our God, and have served Baalim.

11And the Lord said to them: Did not the Egyptians, and the Amorrhites, and the children of Ammon, and the Philistines,

12The Sidonians also, and Amalec, and Chanaan, oppress you, and you cried to me, and I delivered you out of their hand?

13And yet you have forsaken me, and have worshipped strange gods: therefore I will deliver you no more:

14Go, and call upon the gods which you have chosen: let them deliver you in the time of distress.

15And the children of Israel said to the Lord: We have sinned, do thou unto us whatsoever pleaseth thee: only deliver us this time.

16And saying these things, they cast away out of their coasts all the idols of strange gods, and served the Lord their God: and he was touched with their miseries.

17And the children of Ammon shouting together, pitched their tents in Galaad: against whom the children of Israel assembled themselves together, and camped in Maspha.

18And the princes of Galaad said one to another: Whosoever of us shall first begin to fight against the children of Ammon, he shall be the leader of the people of Galaad.

Important Verses in Judges 10

After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount Ephraim:

Judges 10:1

But the children of Israel, adding new sins to their old ones, did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served idols, Baalim and Astaroth, and the gods of Syria, and of Sidon, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines: and they left the Lord, and did not serve him.

Judges 10:6

And they cried to the Lord, and said, We have sinned against thee, because we have forsaken the Lord our God, and have served Baalim.

Judges 10:10

And saying these things, they cast away out of their coasts all the idols of strange gods, and served the Lord their God: and he was touched with their miseries.

Judges 10:16

Historical Context

Judges addresses israel under the monarchy, shown the chaos that comes from abandoning the covenant within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 10 of 21 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 18 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Abimelech, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. The passage starts with these words: "After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who…" It concludes: "And the princes of Galaad said one to another: Whosoever of us shall first begin to fight against the children of…" In terms of historical background, Judges covers the turbulent centuries between Joshua's conquest and the rise of the monarchy, when 'there was no king in Israel. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy.

Who Wrote It

Unknown; tradition points to the prophet Samuel as compiler of the traditions

When It Was Written

Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy

Catholic Commentary

Read at the narrative level, this chapter describes real persons, decisions, and consequences within cycles of sin, oppression, and deliverance. A pivotal line is verse 1: "After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount Ephraim:" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads Judges 10 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Church sees in the judges prefigurations of Christ the Savior (CIC 64). St. Augustine and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 2340).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God raises up deliverers for His people. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Judges 10 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.
  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.

People in This Chapter

Abimelech2 mentions

Reflection for Today

Judges Chapter 10, containing 18 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation, offers a distinct passage for prayer and meditation.

The Magisterium teaches that every biblical passage must be read in light of Christ, the center of Scripture (CIC 2105). Here the emphasis falls on hope in the resurrection, which shapes how the Church understands cycles of sin, oppression, and deliverance.

If this passage raises questions, seek the Church's teaching through the Catechism, a faithful priest, or sound Catholic commentaries. Private interpretation must remain in harmony with the Magisterium (CIC 2559).

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Judges Chapter 10 about?

Judges 10 contains 18 verses. It opens with "After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who…" and closes with "And the princes of Galaad said one to another: Whosoever of us shall first begin to fight against the children of…". The book as a whole is historical narrative organized in cycles.

What is a key verse in Judges 10?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "After Abimelech, there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola, son of Phua, the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount Ephraim:" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Judges Chapter 10?

This chapter mentions Abimelech.

Who wrote Judges and when?

Unknown; tradition points to the prophet Samuel as compiler of the traditions. Events between roughly 1200 and 1050 BC; compiled during the early monarchy.

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