Deuteronomy – Chapter 21

Old Testament23 Verses

Chapter Summary

Deuteronomy 21 opens with the words: "When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not known who is guilty…" Across its 23 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and sin and divine judgment. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not known who is guilty of the murder,

2Thy ancients and judges shall go out, and shall measure from the place where the body lieth the distance of every city round about:

3And the ancients of that city which they shall perceive to be nearer than the rest, shall take a heifer of the herd, that hath not drawn in the yoke, nor ploughed the ground,

4And they shall bring her into a rough and stony valley, that never was ploughed, nor sown: and there they shall strike off the head of the heifer:

5And the priests the sons of Levi shall come, whom the Lord thy God hath chosen to minister to him, and to bless in his name, and that by their word every matter should be decided, and whatsoever is clean or unclean should be judged.

6And the ancients of that city shall come to the person slain, and shall wash their hands over the heifer that was killed in the valley,

7And shall say: Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it.

8Be merciful to thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, O Lord, and lay not innocent blood to their charge, in the midst of thy people Israel. And the guilt of blood shall be taken from them:

9And thou shalt be free from the innocent's blood, that was shed, when thou shalt have done what the Lord hath commanded thee.

10If thou go out to fight against thy enemies, and the Lord thy God deliver them into thy hand, and thou lead them away captives,

11And seest in the number of the captives a beautiful woman, and lovest her, and wilt have her to wife,

12Thou shalt bring her into thy house: and she shall shave her hair, and pare her nails,

13And shall put off the raiment, wherein she was taken: and shall remain in thy house, and mourn for her father and mother one month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and shalt sleep with her, and she shall be thy wife.

14But if afterwards she please thee not, thou shalt let her go free, but thou mayst not sell her for money nor oppress her by might because thou hast humbled her.

15If a man have two wives, one beloved, and the other hated, and they have had children by him, and the son of the hated be the firstborn,

16And he meaneth to divide his substance among his sons: he may not make the son of the beloved the firstborn, and prefer him before the son of the hated.

17But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, and shall give him a double portion of all he hath: for this is the first of his children, and to him are due the first birthrights.

18If a man have a stubborn and unruly son, who will not hear the commandments of his father or mother, and being corrected, slighteth obedience:

19They shall take him and bring him to the ancients of the city, and to the gate of judgment,

20And shall say to them: This our son is rebellious and stubborn, he slighteth hearing our admonitions, he giveth himself to revelling, and to debauchery and banquetings:

21The people of the city shall stone him: and he shall die, that you may take away the evil out of the midst of you, and all Israel hearing it may be afraid.

22When a man hath committed a crime for which he is to be punished with death, and being condemned to die is hanged on a gibbet:

23His body shall not remain upon the tree, but shall be buried the same day: for he is accursed of God that hangeth on a tree: and thou shalt not defile thy land, which the Lord thy God shall give thee in possession.

Important Verses in Deuteronomy 21

When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not known who is guilty of the murder,

Deuteronomy 21:1

And the priests the sons of Levi shall come, whom the Lord thy God hath chosen to minister to him, and to bless in his name, and that by their word every matter should be decided, and whatsoever is clean or unclean should be judged.

Deuteronomy 21:5

If thou go out to fight against thy enemies, and the Lord thy God deliver them into thy hand, and thou lead them away captives,

Deuteronomy 21:10

His body shall not remain upon the tree, but shall be buried the same day: for he is accursed of God that hangeth on a tree: and thou shalt not defile thy land, which the Lord thy God shall give thee in possession.

Deuteronomy 21:23

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, Deuteronomy was written with the new generation of Israel about to cross the Jordan into Canaan in view. Chapter 21 of 34 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a legal and cultic instruction given to Israel regarding worship, holiness, and daily life with 23 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The passage starts with these words: "When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not…" The final verse reads: "His body shall not remain upon the tree, but shall be buried the same day: for he is accursed of God that hangeth on a…" The wider setting of Deuteronomy is this: Deuteronomy means 'second law': Moses' final sermons on the plains of Moab, renewing the Sinai covenant for the generation about to enter Canaan. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Deuteronomy around Traditions from Moses; book discovered in the Temple during King Josiah's reform around 622 BC.

Who Wrote It

Presented as Moses' farewell discourses; compiled and edited by inspired scribes, likely in the 7th century BC

When It Was Written

Traditions from Moses; book discovered in the Temple during King Josiah's reform around 622 BC

Catholic Commentary

This chapter presents divine statutes and cultic norms that shaped Israel's worship and moral life. A pivotal line is verse 1: "When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not known who is guilty of the murder," The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

The Church teaches that every passage of Scripture must be read in light of Christ and the Magisterium (CIC 26). Here, Jesus cited Deuteronomy's command to love God as the greatest commandment (CIC 2083). The spiritual sense invites believers to recognize family and covenant relationships as part of God's pedagogy of salvation.

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that Love the Lord your God with all your heart. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Deuteronomy 21 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.
  • Love of God and love of neighbor sum up the whole law and reveal the very nature of God.

Reflection for Today

The central section of Deuteronomy—Chapter 21 of 34—opens a particular moment in the story of covenant renewal and the call to love God.

According to Catholic teaching, Jesus cited Deuteronomy's command to love God as the greatest commandment (CIC 2083). This chapter especially highlights the role of the sacraments in sanctification, a theme the Catechism develops in relation to the whole of revelation (CIC 1324).

Let Deuteronomy Chapter 21 deepen your love for the Eucharist, where the Word made flesh continues to feed His people. The same Christ who speaks in Scripture offers Himself sacramentally on the altar.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Deuteronomy Chapter 21 about?

Deuteronomy 21 contains 23 verses. It opens with "When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not…" and closes with "His body shall not remain upon the tree, but shall be buried the same day: for he is accursed of God that hangeth on a…". The book as a whole is covenant discourses and law.

What is a key verse in Deuteronomy 21?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "When there shall be found in the land, which the Lord thy God will give thee, the corpse of a man slain, and it is not known who is guilty of the murder," It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who wrote Deuteronomy and when?

Presented as Moses' farewell discourses; compiled and edited by inspired scribes, likely in the 7th century BC. Traditions from Moses; book discovered in the Temple during King Josiah's reform around 622 BC.

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