1 Samuel – Chapter 19

Old Testament24 Verses

Chapter Summary

1 Samuel 19 opens with the words: "And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David…" The chapter centers on David, Saul and Jonathan. Across its 24 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and sin and divine judgment. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David exceedingly.

2And Jonathan told David, saying: Saul, my father, seeketh to kill thee: wherefore look to thyself, I beseech thee, in the morning and thou shalt abide in a secret place, and shalt be hid.

3And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art: and I will speak of thee to my father, and whatsoever I shall see, I will tell thee.

4And Jonathan spoke good things of David to Saul, his father: and said to him: Sin not, O king, against thy servant, David, because he hath not sinned against thee, and his works are very good towards thee.

5And he put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought great salvation for all Israel. Thou sawest it and didst rejoice. Why therefore wilt thou sin against innocent blood, by killing David, who is without fault?

6And when Saul heard this, he was appeased with the words of Jonathan, and swore: As the Lord liveth, he shall not be slain.

7Then Jonathan called David, and told him all these words: and Jonathan brought in David to Saul, and he was before him, as he had been yesterday and the day before.

8And the war began again, and David went out, and fought against the Philistines, and defeated them with a great slaughter, and they fled from his face.

9And the evil spirit from the Lord came upon Saul; and he sat in his house, and held a spear in his hand: and David played with his hand.

10And Saul endeavoured to nail David to the wall with his spear. And David slipt away out of the presence of Saul: and the spear missed him, and was fastened in the wall, and David fled, and escaped that night.

11Saul therefore sent his guards to David's house to watch him, that he might be killed in the morning. And when Michol, David's wife, had told him this, saying: Unless thou save thyself this night, to morrow thou wilt die:

12She let him down through a window. And he went and fled away, and escaped.

13And Michol took an image, and laid it on the bed, and put a goat's skin, with the hair at the head of it, and covered it with clothes.

14And Saul sent officers to seize David; and it was answered that he was sick.

15And again Saul sent to see David, saying: Bring him to me in the bed, that he may be slain.

16And when the messengers were come in, they found an image upon the bed, and a goat skin at his head.

17And Saul said to Michol: Why hast thou deceived me so, and let my enemy go and flee away? And Michol answered Saul: Because he said to me: Let me go, or else I will kill thee.

18But David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel in Ramatha, and told him all that Saul had done to him: and he and Samuel went and dwelt in Najoth.

19And it was told Saul by some, saying: Behold David is in Najoth, in Ramatha.

20So Saul sent officers to take David: and when they saw a company of prophets prophesying, and Samuel presiding over them, the Spirit of the Lord came also upon them, and they likewise began to prophesy.

21And when this was told Saul, he sent other messengers: but they also prophesied. And again Saul sent messengers the third time: and they prophesied also. And Saul being exceeding angry,

22Went also himself to Ramatha, and came as far as the great cistern, which is in Socho, and he asked, and said: In what place are Samuel and David? And it was told him: Behold they are in Najoth, in Ramatha.

23And he went to Najoth, in Ramatha, and the Spirit of the Lord came upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied till he came to Najoth, in Ramatha.

24And he stripped himself also of his garments, and prophesied with the rest before Samuel, and lay down naked all that day and night. This gave occasion to a proverb: What! is Saul too among the prophets?

Important Verses in 1 Samuel 19

And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David exceedingly.

1 Samuel 19:1

And he put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought great salvation for all Israel. Thou sawest it and didst rejoice. Why therefore wilt thou sin against innocent blood, by killing David, who is without fault?

1 Samuel 19:5

And the evil spirit from the Lord came upon Saul; and he sat in his house, and held a spear in his hand: and David played with his hand.

1 Samuel 19:9

So Saul sent officers to take David: and when they saw a company of prophets prophesying, and Samuel presiding over them, the Spirit of the Lord came also upon them, and they likewise began to prophesy.

1 Samuel 19:20

Historical Context

1 Samuel addresses israel reflecting on the origins and meaning of kingship under God within the broader story of God's covenant people. Chapter 19 of 31 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 24 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on David, Saul, Jonathan and Samuel, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. The chapter begins: "And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of…" The final verse reads: "And he stripped himself also of his garments, and prophesied with the rest before Samuel, and lay down naked all that…" The wider setting of 1 Samuel is this: First Samuel narrates Israel's transition from the age of the judges to the monarchy: the birth and call of Samuel, the demand for a king, the tragic reign of Saul, and the rise of David. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Who Wrote It

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors

When It Was Written

Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile

Catholic Commentary

In this 24-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of the transition from judges to monarchy. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David exceedingly." The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads 1 Samuel 19 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the anointing of kings prefigures Christ, the Anointed One (CIC 436). St. Ambrose and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 385).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.
  • The Holy Spirit is the giver of life who animates creation, the prophets, and the Church.

People in This Chapter

David21 mentionsSaul21 mentionsJonathan7 mentionsSamuel5 mentions

Reflection for Today

In 1 Samuel Chapter 19, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of the transition from judges to monarchy.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). 1 Samuel Chapter 19 supports that call by drawing attention to humility before the mystery of God within the wider message that God looks at the heart, not outward appearance.

As you continue through 1 Samuel, carry this chapter's lesson into your family, parish, and work. Catholic faith is always ecclesial—God speaks to us as members of Christ's Body, not as isolated individuals.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Samuel Chapter 19 about?

1 Samuel 19 contains 24 verses. It opens with "And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of…" and closes with "And he stripped himself also of his garments, and prophesied with the rest before Samuel, and lay down naked all that…". The book as a whole is historical narrative.

What is a key verse in 1 Samuel 19?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David exceedingly." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Samuel Chapter 19?

This chapter mentions David, Saul, Jonathan, Samuel.

Who wrote 1 Samuel and when?

Traditions associated with Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, compiled by later inspired editors. Events of the 11th century BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

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