1 Maccabees – Chapter 4

Old Testament61 Verses

Chapter Summary

1 Maccabees 4 opens with the words: "Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night." The chapter centers on Judas, Jonathan and Pharaoh. Across its 61 verses, two threads run through the text: worship and praise and holiness. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night.

2That they might come upon the camp of the Jews and strike them suddenly: and the men that were of the castle were their guides.

3And Judas heard of it, and rose up, he and the valiant men, to attack the king's forces that were in Emmaus.

4For as yet the army was dispersed from the camp

5And Gorgias came by night into the camp of Judas, and found no man; and he sought them in the mountains: for he said: These men flee from us.

6And when it was day, Judas shewed himself in the plain with three thousand men only, who neither had armour nor swords:

7And they saw the camp of the Gentiles that it was strong, and the men in breastplates, and the horsemen round about them, and these were trained up to war.

8And Judas said to the men that were with him: Fear ye not their multitude, neither be ye afraid of their assault.

9Remember in what manner our fathers were saved in the Red Sea, when Pharaoh pursued them with a great army.

10And now let us cry to heaven, and the Lord will have mercy on us, and will remember the covenant of our fathers, and will destroy this army before our face this day:

11And all nations shall know that there is one that redeemeth and delivereth Israel.

12And the strangers lifted up their eyes, and saw them coming against them.

13And they went out of the camp to battle, and they that were with Judas sounded the trumpet.

14And they joined battle: and the Gentiles were routed, and fled into the plain.

15But all the hindmost of them fell by the sword and they pursued them as far as Gezeron, and even to the plains of Idumea, and of Azotus, and of Jamnia: and there fell of them to the number of three thousand men.

16And Judas returned again with his army that followed him.

17And he said to the people: Be not greedy of the spoils; for there is war before us:

18And Gorgias and his army are near us in the mountain: but stand ye now against our enemies, and overthrow them, and you shall take the spoils afterwards with safety.

19And as Judas was speaking these words, behold part of them appeared, looking forth from the mountain.

20And Gorgias saw that his men were put to flight, and that they had set fire to the camp: for the smoke that was seen declared what was done.

21And when they had seen this, they were seized with great fear, seeing at the same time Judas and his army in the plain ready to fight.

22So they all fled away into the land of the strangers.

23And Judas returned to take the spoils of the camp, and they got much gold, and silver, and blue silk, and purple of the sea, and great riches.

24And returning home, they sung a hymn, and blessed God in heaven, because he is good, because his mercy endureth for ever.

25So Israel had a great deliverance that day.

26And such of the strangers as escaped, went and told Lysias all that had happened.

27And when he heard these things, he was amazed and discouraged: because things had not succeeded in Israel according to his mind, and as the king had commanded.

28So the year following, Lysias gathered together threescore thousand chosen men, and five thousand horsemen, that he might subdue them.

29And they came into Judea, and pitched their tents in Bethoron, and Judas met them with ten thousand men.

30And they saw that the army was strong, and he prayed and said: Blessed art thou, O Saviour of Israel, who didst break the violence of the mighty by the hand of thy servant David, and didst deliver up the camp of the strangers into the hands of Jonathan the son of Saul, and of his armour bearer.

31Shut up this army in the hands of thy people Israel, and let them be confounded in their host and their horsemen.

32Strike them with fear, and cause the boldness of their strength to languish, and let them quake at their own destruction.

33Cast them down with the sword of them that love thee: and let all that know thy name praise thee with hymns.

34And they joined battle: and there fell of the army of Lysias five thousand men.

35And when Lysias saw that his men were put to flight, and how bold the Jews were, and that they were ready either to live, or to die manfully, he went to Antioch, and chose soldiers, that they might come again into Judea with greater numbers.

36Then Judas, and his brethren said: Behold our enemies are discomfited: let us go up now to cleanse the holy places, and to repair them.

37And all the army assembled together, and they went up into Mount Sion.

38And they saw the sanctuary desolate, and the altar profaned, and the gates burnt, and shrubs growing up in the courts as in a forest, or on the mountains, and the chambers joining to the temple thrown down.

39And they rent their garments, and made great lamentation, and put ashes on their heads:

40And they fell down to the ground on their faces, and they sounded with the trumpets of alarm, and they cried towards heaven.

41Then Judas appointed men to fight against them that were in the castle, till they had cleansed the holy places,

42And he chose priests without blemish, whose will was set upon the law of God.

43And they cleansed the holy places, and took away the stones that had been defiled into an unclean place.

44And he considered about the altar of holocausts that had been profaned, what he should do with it.

45And a good counsel came into their minds, to pull it down: lest it should be a reproach to them, because the Gentiles had defiled it; so they threw it down.

46And they laid up the stones in the mountain of the temple, in a convenient place, till there should come a prophet, and give answer concerning them.

47Then they took whole stones, according to the law and built a new altar, according to the former:

48And they built up the holy places, and the things that were within the temple: and they sanctified the temple and the courts.

49And they made new holy vessels, and brought in the candlestick, and the altar of incense, and the table, into the temple.

50And they put incense upon the altar, and lighted up the lamps that were upon the candlestick, and they gave light in the temple.

51And they set the loaves upon the table, and hung up the veils, and finished all the works that they had begun to make.

52And they arose before the morning on the five and twentieth day of the ninth month, (which is the month of Casleu) in the hundred and forty-eighth year.

53And they offered sacrifice, according to the law, upon the new altar of holocausts which they had made.

54According to the time, and according to the day wherein the heathens had defiled it, in the same was it dedicated anew with canticles, and harps, and lutes, and cymbals.

55And all the people fell upon their faces, and adored, and blessed up to heaven, him that had prospered them.

56And they kept the dedication of the altar eight days, and they offered holocausts with joy, and sacrifices of salvation, and of praise.

57And they adorned the front of the temple with crowns of gold, and escutcheons, and they renewed the gates, and the chambers, and hanged doors upon them.

58And there was exceeding great joy among the people, and the reproach of the Gentiles was turned away.

59And Judas, and his brethren, and all the church of Israel decreed, that the day of the dedication of the altar should be kept in its season from year to year for eight days, from the five and twentieth day of the month of Casleu, with joy and gladness.

60They built up also at that time Mount Sion, with high walls, and strong towers round about, lest the Gentiles should at any time come, and tread it down, as they did before.

61And he placed a garrison there, to keep it, and he fortified it, to secure Bethsura, that the people might have a defence against Idumea.

Important Verses in 1 Maccabees 4

Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night.

1 Maccabees 4:1

And now let us cry to heaven, and the Lord will have mercy on us, and will remember the covenant of our fathers, and will destroy this army before our face this day:

1 Maccabees 4:10

And returning home, they sung a hymn, and blessed God in heaven, because he is good, because his mercy endureth for ever.

1 Maccabees 4:24

And all the people fell upon their faces, and adored, and blessed up to heaven, him that had prospered them.

1 Maccabees 4:55

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, 1 Maccabees was written with jews commemorating the struggle that preserved the faith before Christ in view. Chapter 4 of 16 belongs to the early movement of the book, where the narrative or argument is still unfolding. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 61 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Judas, Jonathan, Pharaoh and David, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. It opens with the line: "Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night." The final verse reads: "And he placed a garrison there, to keep it, and he fortified it, to secure Bethsura, that the people might have a…" The wider setting of 1 Maccabees is this: This deuterocanonical book records the Jewish revolt (167-134 BC) against the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who profaned the Temple and outlawed the faith. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: About 100 BC.

Who Wrote It

Unknown Jewish author writing in Hebrew

When It Was Written

About 100 BC

Catholic Commentary

In this 61-verse narrative, the sacred author records events that advance the story of faithfulness under persecution and the Maccabean revolt. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night." The passage repeatedly touches on worship and praise.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of faithfulness under persecution and the Maccabean revolt. this deuterocanonical book shows the importance of religious freedom (CIC 2104-2109). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 385).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that It is better to die than to transgress the laws of our ancestors. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, 1 Maccabees 4 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • Worship is the heart of the covenant: giving God the praise and adoration that are His due.
  • 'Be holy, for I am holy': God calls His people to be set apart for Him in every area of life.
  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.

People in This Chapter

Judas13 mentionsJonathan1 mentionPharaoh1 mentionDavid1 mentionSaul1 mention

Reflection for Today

1 Maccabees Chapter 4 belongs to the Old Testament and forms part of the Catholic canon proclaimed in the liturgy of the Word.

Through typology, the Church often reads Old Testament passages as preparing for Christ, while New Testament passages reveal Him explicitly. this deuterocanonical book shows the importance of religious freedom (CIC 2104-2109). Here the believer is invited to ponder worship as the heart of the Christian life.

Let 1 Maccabees Chapter 4 deepen your love for the Eucharist, where the Word made flesh continues to feed His people. The same Christ who speaks in Scripture offers Himself sacramentally on the altar.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Maccabees Chapter 4 about?

1 Maccabees 4 contains 61 verses. It opens with "Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night." and closes with "And he placed a garrison there, to keep it, and he fortified it, to secure Bethsura, that the people might have a…". The book as a whole is historical narrative (deuterocanonical).

What is a key verse in 1 Maccabees 4?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Maccabees Chapter 4?

This chapter mentions Judas, Jonathan, Pharaoh, David, Saul.

Who wrote 1 Maccabees and when?

Unknown Jewish author writing in Hebrew. About 100 BC.

Deepen your understanding with these related articles