Proverbs – Chapter 23

Old Testament35 Verses

Chapter Summary

"When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:" — so begins Proverbs 23. Across its 35 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and wisdom for daily living. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:

2And put a knife to thy throat, if it be so that thou have thy soul in thy own power.

3Be not desirous of his meats, in which is the bread of deceit.

4Labour not to be rich: but set bounds to thy prudence.

5Lift not up thy eyes to riches which thou canst not have: because they shall make themselves wings like those of an eagle, and shall fly towards heaven.

6Eat not with an envious man, and desire not his meats:

7Because, like a soothsayer, and diviner, he thinketh that which he knoweth not. Eat and drink, will he say to thee: and his mind is not with thee.

8The meats which thou hadst eaten, thou shalt vomit up: and shalt loose thy beautiful words.

9Speak not in the ears of fools: because they will despise the instruction of thy speech.

10Touch not the bounds of little ones: and enter not into the field of the fatherless:

11For their near kinsman is strong: and he will judge their cause against thee.

12Let thy heart apply itself to instruction and thy ears to words of knowledge.

13Withhold not correction from a child: for if thou strike him with the rod, he shall not die.

14Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and deliver his soul from hell.

15My son, if thy mind be wise, my heart shall rejoice with thee:

16And my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips shall speak what is right.

17Let not thy heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the Lord all the day long:

18Because thou shalt have hope in the latter end, and thy expectation shall not be taken away.

19Hear thou, my son, and be wise: and guide thy mind in the way.

20Be not in the feasts of great drinkers, nor in their revellings, who contribute flesh to eat:

21Because they that give themselves to drinking, and that club together, shall be consumed: and drowsiness shall be clothed with rags.

22Hearken to thy father, that begot thee: and despise not thy mother when she is old.

23Buy truth, and do not sell wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.

24The father of the just rejoiceth greatly: he that hath begotten a wise son, shall have joy in him.

25Let thy father and thy mother be joyful, and let her rejoice that bore thee.

26My son, give me thy heart: and let thy eyes keep my ways.

27For a harlot is a deep ditch: and a strange woman is a narrow pit.

28She lieth in wait in the way as a robber, and him whom she shall see unwary, she will kill.

29Who hath woe? whose father hath woe? who hath contentions? who falls into pits? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?

30Surely they that pass their time in wine, and study to drink off their cups.

31Look not upon the wine when it is yellow, when the colour thereof shineth in the glass: it goeth in pleasantly,

32But in the end, it will bite like a snake, and will spread abroad poison like a basilisk.

33Thy eyes shall behold strange women, and thy heart shall utter perverse things.

34And thou shalt be as one sleeping in the midst of the sea, and as a pilot fast asleep when the stern is lost.

35And thou shalt say: They have beaten me, but I was not sensible of pain: they drew me, and I felt not: when shall I awake and find wine again?

Important Verses in Proverbs 23

When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:

Proverbs 23:1

Lift not up thy eyes to riches which thou canst not have: because they shall make themselves wings like those of an eagle, and shall fly towards heaven.

Proverbs 23:5

Let not thy heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the Lord all the day long:

Proverbs 23:17

Buy truth, and do not sell wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.

Proverbs 23:23

Historical Context

Proverbs belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for the young and all who seek to live skillfully before God. Chapter 23 of 31 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a wisdom instruction on how to live before God in ordinary circumstances with 35 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter begins: "When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:" The chapter ends with: "And thou shalt say: They have beaten me, but I was not sensible of pain: they drew me, and I felt not: when shall I…" Read against its original backdrop, Proverbs distills practical wisdom for daily life—speech, work, friendship, family, money—under one master principle: 'The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom' (Prov 9:10). Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Proverbs around Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC.

Who Wrote It

Principally Solomon; also Agur, Lemuel, and 'the wise'

When It Was Written

Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC

Catholic Commentary

This chapter offers practical instruction on how to live wisely before God in daily life. A pivotal line is verse 1: "When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of wisdom for daily living. Christ is the Wisdom of God incarnate (CIC 721). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 2578).

The moral and spiritual import remains timely: The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.. St. Jerome insisted that ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ; this chapter offers material for meditation, examination of conscience, and deeper love of God.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • True wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord and is a gift of the Holy Spirit.
  • From the manna to the Last Supper, God feeds His people — fully in the Eucharist.

Reflection for Today

Catholic exegesis approaches Proverbs Chapter 23 with reverence, seeking both the literal sense and the spiritual meaning ordered to Christ.

Catholic theology recognizes that wisdom for daily living is not an abstract idea but a reality encountered in prayer, sacraments, and charity. This chapter contributes to that vision by stressing forgiveness and reconciliation.

Consider praying with this chapter again at day's end, offering God gratitude for one insight received. The Church encourages daily contact with Scripture (CIC 854) so that Christ's mind may be formed in us.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Proverbs Chapter 23 about?

Proverbs 23 contains 35 verses. It opens with "When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:" and closes with "And thou shalt say: They have beaten me, but I was not sensible of pain: they drew me, and I felt not: when shall I…". The book as a whole is wisdom sayings and instructions.

What is a key verse in Proverbs 23?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "When thou shalt sit to eat with a prince, consider diligently what is set before thy face:" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who wrote Proverbs and when?

Principally Solomon; also Agur, Lemuel, and 'the wise'. Core collections from Solomon's era (10th century BC); final form by the 5th century BC.

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