Numbers – Chapter 4

Old Testament49 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 4 of Numbers begins: "And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:" The chapter centers on Aaron, Moses and Eleazar. Across its 49 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God's covenant promises. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:

2Take the sum of the sons of Caath from the midst of the Levites, by their houses and families.

3From thirty years old and upward, to fifty years old, of all that go in to stand and to minister in the tabernacle of the covenant.

4This is the service of the sons of Caath:

5When the camp is; to set forward, Aaron and his sons shall go into the tabernacle of the covenant, and the holy of holies, and shall take down the veil that hangeth before the door, and shall wrap up the ark of the testimony in it,

6And shall cover it again with a cover of violet skins, and shall spread over it a cloth all of violet, and shall put in the bars.

7They shall wrap up also the table of proposition in a cloth of violet, and shall put with it the censers and little mortars, the cups and bowls to pour out the libations: the loaves shall be always on it:

8And they shall spread over it a cloth of scarlet, which again they shall cover with a covering of violet skins, and shall put in the bars.

9They shall take also a cloth of violet wherewith they shall cover the candlestick with the lamps and tongs thereof and the snuffers and all the oil vessels, which are necessary for the dressing of the lamps:

10And over all they shall put a cover of violet skins and put in the bars.

11And they shall wrap up the golden altar also in a cloth of violet, and shall spread over it a cover of violet skins, and put in the bars.

12All the vessels wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, they shall wrap up in a cloth of violet, and shall spread over it a cover of violet skins, and put in the bars.

13They shall cleanse the altar also from the ashes, and shall wrap it up in a purple cloth,

14And shall put it with all the vessels that they use in the ministry thereof, that is to say, firepans, fleshhooks and forks, pothooks and shovels. They shall cover all the vessels of the altar together with a covering of violet skins, and shall put in the bars.

15And when Aaron and his sons have wrapped up the sanctuary and the vessels thereof at the removing of the camp, then shall the sons of Caath enter in to carry the things wrapped up: and they shall not touch the vessels of the sanctuary, lest they die. These are the burdens of the sons of Caath: in the tabernacle of the covenant:

16And over them shall be Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, to whose charge pertaineth the oil to dress the lamps, and the sweet incense, and the sacrifice, that is always offered, and the oil of unction, and whatsoever pertaineth to the service of the tabernacle, and of all the vessels that are in the sanctuary.

17And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying:

18Destroy not the people of Caath from the midst of the Levites:

19But do this to them, that they may live, and not die, by touching the holies of holies. Aaron and his sons shall go in, and they shall appoint every man his work, and shall divide the burdens that every man is to carry.

20Let not others by any curiosity see the things that are in the sanctuary before they be wrapped up, otherwise they shall die.

21And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

22Take the sum of the sons of Gerson also by their houses and families and kindreds.

23From thirty years old and upward, unto fifty years old. Number them all that go in and minister in the tabernacle of the covenant.

24This is the office of the family of the Gersonites:

25To carry the curtains of the tabernacle and the roof of the covenant, the other covering, and the violet covering over all, and the hanging that hangeth in the entry of the tabernacle of the covenant,

26The curtains of the court, and the veil in the entry that is before tabernacle. All things that pertain to the altar, the cords and the vessels of the ministry,

27The sons of Gerson shall carry, by the commandment of Aaron and his sons: and each man shall know to what burden he must be assigned.

28This is the service of the family of the Gersonites in the tabernacle of the covenant, and they shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.

29Thou shalt reckon up the sons of Merari also by the families and houses of their fathers,

30From thirty years old and upward, unto fifty years old, all that go in to the office of their ministry, and to the service of the covenant of the testimony.

31These are their burdens: They shall carry the boards of the tabernacle and the bars thereof, the pillars and their sockets,

32The pillars also of the court round about, with their sockets and pins and cords. They shall receive by account all the vessels and furniture, and so shall carry them.

33This is the office of the family of the Merarites, and their ministry in the tabernacle of the covenant: and they shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.

34So Moses and Aaron and the princes of the synagogue reckoned up the sons of Caath, by their kindreds and the houses of their fathers,

35From thirty years old and upward, unto fifty years old, all that go in to the ministry of the tabernacle of the covenant:

36And they were found two thousand seven hundred and fifty.

37This is the number of the people of Caath that go in to the tabernacle of the covenant: these did Moses and Aaron number according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses.

38The sons of Gerson also were numbered by the kindreds and houses of their fathers,

39From thirty years old and upward, unto fifty years old, all that go in to minister in the tabernacle of the covenant:

40And they were found two thousand six hundred and thirty.

41This is the people of the Gersonites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the word of the Lord.

42The sons of Merari also were numbered by the kindreds and houses of their fathers,

43From thirty years old and upward, unto fifty years old, all that go in to fulfil the rites of the tabernacle of the covenant:

44And they were found three thousand two hundred.

45This is the number of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron reckoned up according to the commandment of the Lord by the hand of Moses.

46All that were reckoned up of the Levites, and whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of Israel took by name, by the kindreds and houses of their fathers,

47From thirty years old and upward, until fifty years old, that go into the ministry of the tabernacle, and to carry the burdens,

48Were in all eight thousand five hundred and eighty.

49Moses reckoned them up according to the word of the Lord, every one according to their office and burdens, as the Lord had commanded him.

Important Verses in Numbers 4

And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:

Numbers 4:1

When the camp is; to set forward, Aaron and his sons shall go into the tabernacle of the covenant, and the holy of holies, and shall take down the veil that hangeth before the door, and shall wrap up the ark of the testimony in it,

Numbers 4:5

This is the number of the people of Caath that go in to the tabernacle of the covenant: these did Moses and Aaron number according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses.

Numbers 4:37

Moses reckoned them up according to the word of the Lord, every one according to their office and burdens, as the Lord had commanded him.

Numbers 4:49

Historical Context

Numbers belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for israel on the threshold of the Promised Land, warned by the failures of the wilderness generation. Chapter 4 of 36 belongs to the early movement of the book, where the narrative or argument is still unfolding. It is a legal and cultic instruction given to Israel regarding worship, holiness, and daily life with 49 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter focuses on Aaron, Moses and Eleazar, whose actions and words drive the passage forward. It opens with the line: "And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:" The chapter ends with: "Moses reckoned them up according to the word of the Lord, every one according to their office and burdens, as the Lord…" Read against its original backdrop, Numbers takes its name from the two censuses of Israel and covers nearly forty years of wandering between Sinai and the plains of Moab. Catholic tradition dates the book to the period described in its introduction: Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

Who Wrote It

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing

When It Was Written

Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC

Catholic Commentary

The text sets forth laws and observances that distinguished Israel as a people consecrated to the Lord. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of wilderness journey and God's faithfulness. the Church sees Israel's journey as an image of our pilgrimage to heaven (CIC 2119). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 1988).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God guides His people through the desert. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Numbers 4 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God binds Himself to His people by covenant, and He never breaks His word.
  • Worship is the heart of the covenant: giving God the praise and adoration that are His due.

People in This Chapter

Aaron14 mentionsMoses11 mentionsEleazar1 mention

Reflection for Today

Catholic exegesis approaches Numbers Chapter 4 with reverence, seeking both the literal sense and the spiritual meaning ordered to Christ.

Catholic theology recognizes that wilderness journey and God's faithfulness is not an abstract idea but a reality encountered in prayer, sacraments, and charity. This chapter contributes to that vision by stressing the reality of spiritual combat and vigilance.

Consider praying with this chapter again at day's end, offering God gratitude for one insight received. The Church encourages daily contact with Scripture (CIC 854) so that Christ's mind may be formed in us.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Numbers Chapter 4 about?

Numbers 4 contains 49 verses. It opens with "And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:" and closes with "Moses reckoned them up according to the word of the Lord, every one according to their office and burdens, as the Lord…". The book as a whole is narrative, census lists, and law.

What is a key verse in Numbers 4?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And the Lord spoke to Moses, and Aaron, saying:" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Numbers Chapter 4?

This chapter mentions Aaron, Moses, Eleazar.

Who wrote Numbers and when?

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing. Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

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