Numbers – Chapter 23

Old Testament30 Verses

Chapter Summary

Numbers 23 opens with the words: "And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams." Jacob stands at the center of this chapter. Across its 30 verses, two threads run through the text: worship and praise and God's kingdom and kingship. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams.

2And when he had done according to the word of Balaam, they laid together a calf and a ram upon every altar.

3And Balaam said to Balac: Stand a while by thy burnt offering, until I go, to see if perhaps the Lord will meet me, and whatsoever he shall command, I will speak to thee.

4And when he was gone with speed, God met him. And Balaam speaking to him, said: I have erected seven altars, and have laid on everyone a calf and a ram.

5And the Lord put the word in his mouth, and said: Return to Balac, and thus shalt thou speak.

6Returning he found Balac standing by his burnt offering, with all the princes of the Moabites:

7And taking up his parable, he said: Balac king of the Moabites hath brought me from Aram, from the mountains of the east: Come, said he, and curse Jacob: make haste and detest Israel.

8How shall I curse him, whom God hath not cursed? By what means should I detest him, whom the Lord detesteth not?

9I shall see him from the tops of the rocks, and shall consider him from the hills. This people shall dwell alone, and shall not be reckoned among the nations.

10Who can count the dust of Jacob, and know the number of the stock of Israel? Let my soul die the death of the just, and my last end be like to them.

11And Balac said to Balaam: What is this that thou dost? I sent for thee to curse my enemies: and thou contrariwise blessest them.

12He answered him: Can I speak any thing else but what the Lord commandeth?

13Balac therefore said: Come with me to another place from whence thou mayest see part of Israel, and canst not see them all: curse them from thence.

14And when he had brought him to a high place, upon the top of mount Phasga, Balaam built seven altars, and laying on every one a calf and a ram,

15He said to Balac: Stand here by thy burnt offering while I go to meet him.

16And when the Lord had met him, and had put the word in his mouth, he said: Return to Balac, and thus shalt thou say to him.

17Returning he found him standing by his burnt sacrifice, and the princes of the Moabites with him. And Balac said to him: What hath the Lord spoken?

18But he taking up his parable, said: Stand, O Balac, and give ear: hear, thou son of Sephor:

19God is not a man, that he should lie, nor is the son of man, that he should be changed. Hath he said then, and will he not do? hath he spoken, and will he not fulfil?

20I was brought to bless, the blessing I am not able to hinder.

21There is no idol in Jacob, neither is there an image god to be seen in Israel. The Lord his God is with him, and the sound of the victory of the king in him.

22God hath brought him out of Egypt, whose strength is like to the rhinoceros.

23There is no soothsaying in Jacob, nor divination in Israel. In their times it shall be told to Jacob and to Israel what God hath wrought.

24Behold the people shall rise up as a lioness, and shall lift itself up as a lion: it shall not lie down till it devour the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.

25And Balac said to Balaam: Neither curse, nor bless him.

26And he said: Did I not tell thee, that whatsoever God should command me, that I would do?

27And Balac said to him: Come and I will bring thee to another place; if peradventure it please God that thou mayest curse them from thence.

28And when he had brought him upon the top of mount Phogor, which looketh towards the wilderness,

29Balaam said to him: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams.

30Balac did as Balaam had said: and he laid on every altar, a calf and a ram.

Important Verses in Numbers 23

And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams.

Numbers 23:1

And when he was gone with speed, God met him. And Balaam speaking to him, said: I have erected seven altars, and have laid on everyone a calf and a ram.

Numbers 23:4

How shall I curse him, whom God hath not cursed? By what means should I detest him, whom the Lord detesteth not?

Numbers 23:8

There is no idol in Jacob, neither is there an image god to be seen in Israel. The Lord his God is with him, and the sound of the victory of the king in him.

Numbers 23:21

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, Numbers was written with israel on the threshold of the Promised Land, warned by the failures of the wilderness generation in view. Chapter 23 of 36 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 30 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on Jacob, the principal figures named in this chapter. It opens with the line: "And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams." It concludes: "Balac did as Balaam had said: and he laid on every altar, a calf and a ram. " The wider setting of Numbers is this: Numbers takes its name from the two censuses of Israel and covers nearly forty years of wandering between Sinai and the plains of Moab. Catholic tradition dates the book to the period described in its introduction: Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

Who Wrote It

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing

When It Was Written

Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense of Numbers 23 presents a concrete episode in the history of wilderness journey and God's faithfulness. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams." The passage repeatedly touches on worship and praise.

Catholic exegesis reads Numbers 23 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Church sees Israel's journey as an image of our pilgrimage to heaven (CIC 2119). St. Bede the Venerable and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 1032).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: Worship is the heart of the covenant: giving God the praise and adoration that are His due.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • Worship is the heart of the covenant: giving God the praise and adoration that are His due.
  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.

People in This Chapter

Jacob5 mentions

Reflection for Today

When the Church proclaims Numbers Chapter 23 at Mass or in the Liturgy of the Hours, she treats this text as the living voice of God.

In the four senses of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—the Church finds rich meaning in Numbers Chapter 23. At the moral level, stewardship of creation challenges us to examine conscience and amend our lives (CIC 1988).

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of stewardship of creation bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Numbers Chapter 23 about?

Numbers 23 contains 30 verses. It opens with "And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams." and closes with "Balac did as Balaam had said: and he laid on every altar, a calf and a ram. ". The book as a whole is narrative, census lists, and law.

What is a key verse in Numbers 23?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And Balaam said to Balac: Build me here seven altars, and prepare as many calves, and the same number of rams." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Numbers Chapter 23?

This chapter mentions Jacob.

Who wrote Numbers and when?

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing. Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

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