Numbers – Chapter 21

Old Testament35 Verses

Chapter Summary

Chapter 21 of Numbers begins: "And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he…" Moses stands at the center of this chapter. Across its 35 verses, two threads run through the text: God's kingdom and kingship and family and covenant relationships. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he fought against them, and overcoming them carried off their spoils.

2But Israel binding himself by vow to the Lord, said: If thou wilt deliver thus people into my hand, I will utterly destroy their cities.

3And the Lord heard the prayers of Israel, and delivered up the Chanaanite, and they cut them off and destroyed their cities: and they called the name of that place Horma, that is to say, Anathema.

4And they marched from mount Hor, by the way that leadeth to the Red Sea, to compass the land of Edom. And the people began to be weary of their journey and labour:

5And speaking against God and Moses, they said: Why didst thou bring us out of Egypt, to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, nor have we any waters: our soul now loatheth this very light food.

6Wherefore the Lord sent among the people fiery serpents, which bit them and killed many of them.

7Upon which they came to Moses, and said; We have sinned, because we have spoken against the Lord and thee: pray that he may take away these serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the people.

8And the Lord said to him: Make a brazen serpent, and set it up for a sign: whosoever being struck shall look on it, shall live.

9Moses therefore made a brazen serpent, and set it up for a sign: which when they that were bitten looked upon, they were healed.

10And the children of Israel setting forwards camped in Oboth.

11And departing thence they pitched their tents in Jeabarim, in the wilderness, that faceth Moab toward the east.

12And removing from thence, they came to the torrent Zared:

13Which they left and encamped over against Arnon, which is in the desert and standeth out on the borders of the Amorrhite. For Arnon is the border of Moab, dividing the Moabites and the Amorrhites.

14Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the Lord: As he did in the Red Sea, so will he do in the streams of Arnon.

15The rocks of the torrents were bowed down that they might rest in Ar, and lie down in the borders of the Moabites.

16When they went from that place, the well appeared whereof the Lord said to Moses: Gather the people together, and I will give them water.

17Then Israel sung this song: Let the well spring up. They sung thereto:

18The well, which the princes dug, and the chiefs of the people prepared by the direction of the lawgiver, and with their staves. And they marched from the wilderness to Mathana.

19From Mathana unto Nahaliel: from Nahaliel unto Bamoth.

20From Bamoth, is a valley in the country of Moab, to the top of Phasga, which looked towards the desert.

21And Israel sent messengers to Sehon king of the Amorrhites, saying:

22I beseech thee that I may have leave to pass through thy land: we will not go aside into the fields or the vineyards, we will not drink waters of the wells, we will go the king's highway, till we be past thy borders.

23And he would not grant that Israel should pass by his borders: but rather gathering an army, went forth to meet them in the desert, and came to Jasa and fought against them.

24And he was slain by them with the edge of the sword, and they possessed his land from the Arnon unto the Jeboc, and to the confines of the children of Ammon: for the borders of the Ammonites, were kept with a strong garrison.

25So Israel took all his cities, and dwelt in the cities of the Amorrhite, to wit, in Hesebon, and in the villages thereof.

26Hesebon was the city of Sehon the king of the Amorrhites, who fought against the king of Moab: and took all the land, that had been of his dominion, as far as the Arnon.

27Therefore it is said in the proverb: Come into Hesebon, let the city of Sehon be built and set up:

28A fire is gone out of Hesebon, a flame from the city of Sehon, and hath consumed Ar of the Moabites, and the inhabitants of the high places of the Arnon.

29Woe to thee Moab: thou art undone, O people of Chamos. He hath given his sons to flight, and his daughters into captivity to Sehon the king of the Amorrhites.

30Their yoke is perished from Hesebon unto Dibon, they came weary to Nophe, and unto Medaba.

31So Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorrhite.

32And Moses sent some to take a view of Jazer: and they took the villages of it, and conquered the inhabitants.

33And they turned themselves, and went up by the way of Basan, and Og the king of Basan came against them with all his people, to fight in Edrai.

34And the Lord said to Moses: Fear him not, for I have delivered him and all his people, and his country into thy hand: and thou shalt do to him as thou didst to Sehon the king of the Amorrhites, the inhabitant of Hesebon.

35So they slew him also with his sons, and all his people, not letting any one escape, and they possessed his land.

Important Verses in Numbers 21

And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he fought against them, and overcoming them carried off their spoils.

Numbers 21:1

And speaking against God and Moses, they said: Why didst thou bring us out of Egypt, to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, nor have we any waters: our soul now loatheth this very light food.

Numbers 21:5

And the Lord said to him: Make a brazen serpent, and set it up for a sign: whosoever being struck shall look on it, shall live.

Numbers 21:8

Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the Lord: As he did in the Red Sea, so will he do in the streams of Arnon.

Numbers 21:14

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, Numbers was written with israel on the threshold of the Promised Land, warned by the failures of the wilderness generation in view. Chapter 21 of 36 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 35 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on Moses, the principal figures named in this chapter. The chapter begins: "And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way…" The chapter ends with: "So they slew him also with his sons, and all his people, not letting any one escape, and they possessed his land. " The wider setting of Numbers is this: Numbers takes its name from the two censuses of Israel and covers nearly forty years of wandering between Sinai and the plains of Moab. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Numbers around Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

Who Wrote It

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing

When It Was Written

Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense of Numbers 21 presents a concrete episode in the history of wilderness journey and God's faithfulness. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he fought against them,…" The passage repeatedly touches on God's kingdom and kingship.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of wilderness journey and God's faithfulness. the Church sees Israel's journey as an image of our pilgrimage to heaven (CIC 2119). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 1988).

The moral and spiritual import remains timely: God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.. St. Jerome insisted that ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ; this chapter offers material for meditation, examination of conscience, and deeper love of God.

Main Teachings

  • God's kingdom is not of this world; every earthly throne stands under His eternal reign.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God invites His people to approach Him confidently in prayer, trusting that He hears and answers.

People in This Chapter

Moses7 mentions

Reflection for Today

In Numbers Chapter 21, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of wilderness journey and God's faithfulness.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). Numbers Chapter 21 supports that call by drawing attention to humility before the mystery of God within the wider message that God guides His people through the desert.

As you continue through Numbers, carry this chapter's lesson into your family, parish, and work. Catholic faith is always ecclesial—God speaks to us as members of Christ's Body, not as isolated individuals.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Numbers Chapter 21 about?

Numbers 21 contains 35 verses. It opens with "And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way…" and closes with "So they slew him also with his sons, and all his people, not letting any one escape, and they possessed his land. ". The book as a whole is narrative, census lists, and law.

What is a key verse in Numbers 21?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he fought against them, and overcoming them…" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Numbers Chapter 21?

This chapter mentions Moses.

Who wrote Numbers and when?

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with priestly editing. Wilderness traditions of the 13th century BC; final form by the 5th century BC.

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