Job – Chapter 31

Old Testament40 Verses

Chapter Summary

"I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin." — so begins Job 31. Across its 40 verses, two threads run through the text: justice and care for the poor and sin and divine judgment. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin.

2For what part should God from above have in me, and what inheritance the Almighty from on high?

3Is not destruction to the wicked, and aversion to them that work iniquity?

4Doth not he consider my ways, and number all my steps?

5If I have walked in vanity, and my foot hath made haste to deceit:

6Let him weigh me in a just balance, and let God know my simplicity.

7If my step hath turned out of the way, and if my heart hath followed my eyes, and if a spot hath cleaved to my hands:

8Then let me sow and let another reap: and let my offspring be rooted out.

9If my heart hath been deceived upon a woman, and if I have laid wait at my friend's door:

10Let my wife be the harlot of another, and let other men lie with her.

11For this is a heinous crime, and a most grievous iniquity.

12It is a fire that devoureth even to destruction, and rooteth up all things that spring.

13If I have despised to abide judgment with my manservant, or my maidservant, when they had any controversy against me:

14For what shall I do when God shall rise to judge? and when he shall examine, what shall I answer him?

15Did not he that made me in the womb make him also: and did not one and the same form me in the womb?

16If I have denied to the poor what they desired, and have made the eyes of the widow wait:

17If I have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof:

18(For from my infancy mercy grew up with me: and it came out with me from my mother's womb:)

19If I have despised him that was perishing for want of clothing, and the poor man that had no covering:

20If his sides have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep:

21If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, even when I saw myself superior in the gate:

22Let my shoulder fall from its joint, and let my arm with its bones be broken.

23For I have always feared God as waves swelling over me, and his weight I was unable to bear.

24If I have thought gold my strength, and have said to fine gold: My confidence:

25If I have rejoiced over my great riches, and because my hand had gotten much.

26If I beheld the sun when it shined and the moon going in brightness:

27And my heart in secret hath rejoiced, and I have kissed my hand with my mouth:

28Which is a very great iniquity, and a denial against the most high God.

29If I have been glad at the downfall of him that hated me, and have rejoiced that evil had found him.

30For I have not been given my mouth to sin, by wishing a curse to his soul.

31If the men of my tabernacle have not said: Who will give us of his flesh that we may be filled?

32The stranger did not stay without, my door was open to the traveller.

33If as a man I have hid my sin, and have concealed my iniquity in my bosom.

34If I have been afraid at a very great multitude, and the contempt of kinsmen hath terrified me: and have not rather held my peace, and not gone out of the door.

35Who would grant me a hearing, that the Almighty may hear my desire: and that he himself that judgeth would write a book,

36That I may carry it on my shoulder, and put it about me as a crown?

37At every step of mine I would pronounce it, and offer it as to a prince.

38If my land cry against me, and with it the furrows thereof mourn:

39If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, and have afflicted the son of the tillers thereof:

40Let thistles grow up to me instead of wheat, and thorns instead of barley.

Important Verses in Job 31

I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin.

Job 31:1

Let him weigh me in a just balance, and let God know my simplicity.

Job 31:6

For what shall I do when God shall rise to judge? and when he shall examine, what shall I answer him?

Job 31:14

(For from my infancy mercy grew up with me: and it came out with me from my mother's womb:)

Job 31:18

Historical Context

Job belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for all who wrestle with the mystery of suffering and God's justice. Chapter 31 of 42 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a wisdom instruction on how to live before God in ordinary circumstances with 40 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. The chapter begins: "I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin." The final verse reads: "Let thistles grow up to me instead of wheat, and thorns instead of barley. " The wider setting of Job is this: Job confronts the deepest human question: why do the innocent suffer? Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of Job around Uncertain; commonly dated between the 7th and 4th centuries BC.

Who Wrote It

Unknown inspired poet of Israel

When It Was Written

Uncertain; commonly dated between the 7th and 4th centuries BC

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense presents maxims, observations, or arguments meant to form character and discernment. A pivotal line is verse 1: "I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin." The passage repeatedly touches on justice and care for the poor.

Catholic exegesis reads Job 31 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Church sees Job as prefiguring Christ in innocent suffering (CIC 1502). St. Bede the Venerable and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 2105).

For Christians today, the chapter's lesson is clear: God defends the poor and the oppressed, and calls His people to act with justice.. The Church invites us to receive this word not as antiquarian information but as living Scripture proclaimed at Mass and prayed in lectio divina.

Main Teachings

  • God defends the poor and the oppressed, and calls His people to act with justice.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.
  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.

Reflection for Today

When the Church proclaims Job Chapter 31 at Mass or in the Liturgy of the Hours, she treats this text as the living voice of God.

In the four senses of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—the Church finds rich meaning in Job Chapter 31. At the moral level, discernment and obedience to God challenges us to examine conscience and amend our lives (CIC 2466).

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of discernment and obedience to God bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Job Chapter 31 about?

Job 31 contains 40 verses. It opens with "I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin." and closes with "Let thistles grow up to me instead of wheat, and thorns instead of barley. ". The book as a whole is wisdom literature in poetic dialogue.

What is a key verse in Job 31?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "I made a covenant with my eyes, that I would not so much as think upon a virgin." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who wrote Job and when?

Unknown inspired poet of Israel. Uncertain; commonly dated between the 7th and 4th centuries BC.

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