Exodus – Chapter 18

Old Testament27 Verses

Chapter Summary

Exodus 18 opens with the words: "And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to Israel his people,…" The chapter centers on Moses, Jethro and Pharaoh. Across its 27 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God's protection and deliverance. Taken as a whole, the chapter forms one movement in the account, preparing what follows and completing what came before.

1And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought forth Israel out of Egypt:

2He took Sephora, the wife of Moses, whom he had sent back:

3And her two sons, of whom one was called Gersam: his father saying, I have been a stranger in a foreign country.

4And the other Eliezer: For the God of my father, said he, is my helper, and hath delivered me from the sword of Pharao.

5And Jethro, the kinsman of Moses, came with his sons, and his wife to Moses into the desert, where he was camped by the mountain of God.

6And he sent word to Moses, saying: I Jethro, thy kinsman, come to thee, and thy wife, and thy two sons with her.

7And he went out to meet his kinsman, and worshipped and kissed him: and they saluted one another with words of peace. And when he was come into the tent,

8Moses told his kinsman all that the Lord had done to Pharao, and the Egyptians in favour of Israel: and all the labour which had befallen them in the journey, and that the Lord had delivered them.

9And Jethro rejoiced for all the good things that the Lord had done to Israel, because he had delivered them out of the hands of the Egyptians.

10And he said: Blessed is the Lord, who hath delivered his people out of the hand of Egypt.

11Now I know, that the Lord is great above all gods; because they dealt proudly against them.

12So Jethro, the kinsman of Moses, offered holocausts and sacrifices to God: and Aaron and all the ancients of Israel came, to eat bread with him before God.

13And the next day Moses sat to judge the people, who stood by Moses from morning until night.

14And when his kinsman had seen all things that he did among the people, he said: What is it that thou dost among the people? Why sittest thou alone, and all the people wait from morning till night?

15And Moses answered him: The people come to me to seek the judgment of God?

16And when any controversy falleth out among them, they come to me to judge between them, and to shew the precepts of God, and his laws.

17But he said: The thing thou dost is not good.

18Thou art spent with foolish labour, both thou, and this people that is with thee; the business is above thy strength, thou alone canst not bear it.

19But hear my words and counsels, and God shall be with thee. Be thou to the people in those things that pertain to God, to bring their words to him:

20And to shew the people the ceremonies, and the manner of worshipping; and the way wherein they ought to walk, and the work that they ought to do.

21And provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, in whom there is truth, and that hate avarice, and appoint of them rulers of thousands, and of hundreds, and of fifties, and of tens,

22Who may judge the people at all times: and when any great matter soever shall fall out, let them refer it to thee, and let them judge the lesser matters only: that so it may be lighter for thee, the burden being shared out unto others.

23If thou dost this, thou shalt fulfil the commandment of God, and shalt be able to bear his precepts: and all this people shall return to their places with peace.

24And when Moses heard this, he did all things that he had suggested unto him.

25And choosing able men out of all Israel, he appointed them rulers of the people, rulers over thousands, and over hundreds, and over fifties, and over tens.

26And they judged the people at all times: and whatsoever was of greater difficulty they referred to him, and they judged the easier cases only.

27And he let his kinsman depart: and he returned and went into his own country.

Important Verses in Exodus 18

And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought forth Israel out of Egypt:

Exodus 18:1

And the other Eliezer: For the God of my father, said he, is my helper, and hath delivered me from the sword of Pharao.

Exodus 18:4

And he said: Blessed is the Lord, who hath delivered his people out of the hand of Egypt.

Exodus 18:10

And provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, in whom there is truth, and that hate avarice, and appoint of them rulers of thousands, and of hundreds, and of fifties, and of tens,

Exodus 18:21

Historical Context

Exodus belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for israel in every generation, commanded to remember the Passover as a perpetual memorial. Chapter 18 of 40 stands in the central portion of the book, where decisive events or teachings take shape. It is a narrative passage recounting concrete events in salvation history with 27 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on Moses, Jethro, Pharaoh and Aaron, the principal figures named in this chapter. It opens with the line: "And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to…" It concludes: "And he let his kinsman depart: and he returned and went into his own country. " In terms of historical background, Exodus recounts the defining event of the Old Testament: God's liberation of Israel from slavery in Egypt under Pharaoh, most likely Ramesses II. The book's material reflects the era summarized as follows: Describes events of the 13th century BC; reached final written form between the 10th and 5th centuries BC.

Who Wrote It

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with later inspired editing

When It Was Written

Describes events of the 13th century BC; reached final written form between the 10th and 5th centuries BC

Catholic Commentary

The literal sense of Exodus 18 presents a concrete episode in the history of liberation, law, and worship. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to Israel his people, and that the Lord…" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads Exodus 18 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Church sees the Exodus as prefiguring Baptism and the Eucharist (CIC 1221, 1363). St. Bede the Venerable and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 74).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God delivers His people from slavery. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, Exodus 18 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • The Lord is a refuge and deliverer for all who call upon Him in trouble.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.

People in This Chapter

Moses12 mentionsJethro5 mentionsPharaoh2 mentionsAaron1 mention

Reflection for Today

As Catholics read Exodus Chapter 18, we do so within the living Tradition that has guarded this text for two millennia.

The saints did not treat Scripture as antiquarian literature. St. Teresa of Avila, St. Francis de Sales, and countless others used passages such as this to fuel daily conversion. the theological virtues of faith, hope, and love remains a practical lesson for modern disciples.

As you continue through Exodus, carry this chapter's lesson into your family, parish, and work. Catholic faith is always ecclesial—God speaks to us as members of Christ's Body, not as isolated individuals.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Exodus Chapter 18 about?

Exodus 18 contains 27 verses. It opens with "And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to…" and closes with "And he let his kinsman depart: and he returned and went into his own country. ". The book as a whole is narrative, law, and liturgical instruction.

What is a key verse in Exodus 18?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And when Jethro the priest of Madian, the kinsman of Moses, had heard all the things that God had done to Moses, and to Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought forth…" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in Exodus Chapter 18?

This chapter mentions Moses, Jethro, Pharaoh, Aaron.

Who wrote Exodus and when?

Traditionally attributed to Moses, with later inspired editing. Describes events of the 13th century BC; reached final written form between the 10th and 5th centuries BC.

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