2 Samuel – Chapter 23

Old Testament39 Verses

Chapter Summary

2 Samuel 23 opens with the words: "Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob,…" The chapter centers on David, Jonathan and Eleazar. Across its 39 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God's mercy and forgiveness. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the excellent psalmist of Israel said:

2The spirit of the Lord hath spoken by me and his word by my tongue.

3The God of Israel said to me, the strong one of Israel spoke, the ruler of men, the just ruler in the fear of God.

4As the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, shineth in the morning without clouds, and as the grass springeth out of the earth by rain.

5Neither is my house so great with God, that he should make with me an eternal covenant, firm in all things and assured. For he is all my salvation, and all my will: neither is there ought thereof that springeth not up.

6But transgressors shall all of them be plucked up as thorns: which are not taken away with hands.

7And if a man will touch them, he must be armed with iron and with the staff of a lance: but they shall be set on fire and burnt to nothing.

8These are the names of the valiant men of David: Jesbaham sitting in the chair was the wisest chief among the three, he was like the most tender little worm of the wood, who killed eight hundred men at one onset.

9After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three valiant men that were with David when they defied the Philistines, and they were there gathered together to battle.

10And when the men of Israel were gone away, he stood and smote the Philistines till his hand was weary, and grew stiff with the sword: and the Lord wrought a great victory that day: and the people that were fled away, returned to take spoils of them that were slain.

11And after him was Semma the son of Age of Arari. And the Philistines were gathered together in a troop: for there was a field full of lentils. And when the people were fled from the face of the Philistines,

12He stood in the midst of the field, and defended it, and defeated the Philistines: and the Lord gave a great victory.

13Moreover also before this the three who were princes among the thirty, went down and came to David in the harvest time into the cave of Odollam: and the camp of the Philistines was in the valley of the giants.

14And David was then in a hold: and there was a garrison of the Philistines then in Bethlehem.

15And David longed, and said: O that some man would get me a drink of the water out of the cistern, that is in Bethlehem, by the gate.

16And the three valiant men broke through the camp of the Philistines, and drew water out of the cistern of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and brought it to David: but he would not drink, but offered it to the Lord,

17Saying: The Lord be merciful to me, that I may not do this: shall I drink the blood of these men that went, and the peril of their lives? therefore he would not drink. These things did these three mighty men.

18Abisai also the brother of Joab, the son of Sarvia, was chief among three: and he lifted up his spear against three hundred whom he slew, and he was renowned among the three,

19And the noblest of three, and was their chief, but to the three first he attained not.

20And Banaias the son of Joiada a most valiant man, of great deeds, of Cabseel: he slew the two lions of Moab, and he went down, and slew a lion in the midst of a pit, in the time of snow.

21He also slew an Egyptian, a man worthy to be a sight, having a spear in his hand: but he went down to him with a rod, and forced the spear out of the hand of the Egyptian, and slew him with his own spear.

22These things did Banaias the son of Joiada.

23And he was renowned among the three valiant men, who were the most honourable among the thirty: but he attained not to the first three: and David made him of his privy council.

24Asael the brother of Joab was one of the thirty, Elehanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem.

25Semma of Harodi, Elica of Harodi,

26Heles of Phalti, Hira the son of Acces of Thecua,

27Abiezer of Anathoth, Mobonnai of Husati,

28Selmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,

29Heled the son of Baana, also a Netophathite, Ithai the son of Ribai of Gabaath of the children of Benjamin,

30Banaia the Pharathonite, Heddai of the torrent Gaas,

31Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth of Beromi,

32Eliaba of Salaboni. The sons of Jassen, Jonathan,

33Semma of Orori, Aliam the son of Sarar the Arorite,

34Eliphelet the son of Aasbai the son of Machati, Eliam the son of Achitophel the Gelonite,

35Hesrai of Carmel, Pharai of Arbi,

36Igaal the son of Nathan of Soba, Bonni of Gadi,

37Selec of Ammoni, Naharai the Berothite, armourbearer of Joab the son of Sarvia,

38Ira the Jethrite, Gareb also a Jethrite;

39Urias the Hethite, thirty and seven in all.

Important Verses in 2 Samuel 23

Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the excellent psalmist of Israel said:

2 Samuel 23:1

Neither is my house so great with God, that he should make with me an eternal covenant, firm in all things and assured. For he is all my salvation, and all my will: neither is there ought thereof that springeth not up.

2 Samuel 23:5

He stood in the midst of the field, and defended it, and defeated the Philistines: and the Lord gave a great victory.

2 Samuel 23:12

And the three valiant men broke through the camp of the Philistines, and drew water out of the cistern of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and brought it to David: but he would not drink, but offered it to the Lord,

2 Samuel 23:16

Historical Context

2 Samuel belongs to the Old Testament and was composed for israel, taught that even great kings stand under God's law and mercy. Chapter 23 of 24 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a genealogical record linking earlier promises to later generations with 39 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on David, Jonathan, Eleazar and Nathan, the principal figures named in this chapter. It opens with the line: "Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of…" The final verse reads: "Urias the Hethite, thirty and seven in all. " The wider setting of 2 Samuel is this: Second Samuel chronicles David's forty-year reign: the capture of Jerusalem, the bringing of the Ark, God's covenant promise of an everlasting dynasty (2 Sam 7), and David's grave sins and repentance. Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of 2 Samuel around Events of about 1010-970 BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

Who Wrote It

Court traditions compiled by inspired editors, drawing on records of Nathan and Gad

When It Was Written

Events of about 1010-970 BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile

Catholic Commentary

This chapter traces lines of descent that connect earlier promises to later figures in salvation history. A pivotal line is verse 1: "Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the excellent…" The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

According to Catholic interpretation, this chapter contributes to the book's portrait of David's reign and the Davidic covenant. the promise to David finds fulfillment in Christ, Son of David (CIC 437-439). The Catechism and the liturgy frequently draw on such passages to nourish faith and moral life (CIC 265).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that God establishes an eternal kingdom. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, 2 Samuel 23 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • God's mercy is greater than any sin; He calls us to receive His forgiveness and extend it to others.
  • God binds Himself to His people by covenant, and He never breaks His word.

People in This Chapter

David9 mentionsJonathan1 mentionEleazar1 mentionNathan1 mentionJacob1 mentionUriah1 mention

Reflection for Today

2 Samuel Chapter 23, containing 39 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation, offers a distinct passage for prayer and meditation.

The Magisterium teaches that every biblical passage must be read in light of Christ, the center of Scripture (CIC 1095). Here the emphasis falls on lectio divina and meditation on God's Word, which shapes how the Church understands David's reign and the Davidic covenant.

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of lectio divina and meditation on God's Word bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 2 Samuel Chapter 23 about?

2 Samuel 23 contains 39 verses. It opens with "Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of…" and closes with "Urias the Hethite, thirty and seven in all. ". The book as a whole is historical narrative.

What is a key verse in 2 Samuel 23?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "Now these are David's last words. David the son of Isai said: The man to whom it was appointed concerning the Christ of the God of Jacob, the excellent psalmist of Israel said:" It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 2 Samuel Chapter 23?

This chapter mentions David, Jonathan, Eleazar, Nathan, Jacob, among others.

Who wrote 2 Samuel and when?

Court traditions compiled by inspired editors, drawing on records of Nathan and Gad. Events of about 1010-970 BC; compiled during the monarchy or exile.

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