1 Kings – Chapter 21

Old Testament29 Verses

Chapter Summary

1 Kings 21 opens with the words: "And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of Achab, king of Samaria." The chapter centers on Naboth, Ahab and Jezebel. Across its 29 verses, two threads run through the text: family and covenant relationships and God feeding His people. The Church invites us to read this chapter within the whole sweep of salvation history, where every page points toward Christ.

1And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of Achab, king of Samaria.

2And Achab spoke to Naboth, saying: Give me thy vineyard, that I may make me a garden of herbs, because it is nigh, and adjoining to my house; and I will give thee for it a better vineyard: or if thou think it more convenient for thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money.

3Naboth answered him: The Lord be merciful to me, and not let me give thee the inheritance of my fathers.

4And Achab came into his house angry and fretting, because of the word that Naboth, the Jezrahelite, had spoken to him, saying: I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And casting himself upon his bed, he turned away his face to the wall, and would eat no bread.

5And Jezabel, his wife, went in to him, and said to him: What is the matter that thy soul is so grieved? and why eatest thou no bread?

6And he answered her: I spoke to Naboth, the Jezrahelite, and said to him: Give me thy vineyard, and take money for it: or if it please thee, I will give thee a better vineyard for it. And he said: I will not give thee my vineyard.

7Then Jezabel, his wife, said to him. Thou art of great authority indeed, and governest well the kingdom of Israel. Arise, and eat bread, and be of good cheer; I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezrahelite.

8So she wrote letters in Achab's name, and sealed them with his ring, and sent them to the ancients, and the chief men that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth.

9And this was the tenor of the letters: Proclaim a fast, and make Naboth sit among the chief of the people;

10And suborn two men, sons of Belial, against him. and let them bear false witness; that he hath blasphemed God and the king: and then carry him out, and stone him, and so let him die.

11And the men of his city, the ancients and nobles, that dwelt with him in the city, did as Jezabel had commanded them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them;

12They proclaimed a fast, and made Naboth sit among the chief of the people.

13And bringing two men, sons of the devil, they made them sit against him: and they, like men of the devil, bore witness against him before the people: saying: Naboth hath blasphemed God and the king. Wherefore they brought him forth without the city, and stoned him to death.

14And they sent to Jezabel, saying: Naboth is stoned, and is dead.

15And it came to pass, when Jezabel heard that Naboth was stoned, and dead, that she said to Achab: Arise, and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezrahelite, who would not agree with thee, and give it thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead.

16And when Achab heard this, to wit, that Naboth was dead, he arose, and went down into the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezrahelite, to take possession of it.

17And the word of the Lord came to Elias, the Thesbite, saying:

18Arise, and go down to meet Achab, king of Israel, who is in Samaria: behold he is going down to the vineyard of Naboth, to take possession of it:

19And thou shalt speak to him, saying: Thus saith the Lord: Thou hast slain: moreover also thou hast taken possession. And after these words thou shalt add: Thus saith the Lord: In this place, wherein the dogs have licked the blood of Naboth, they shall lick thy blood also.

20And Achab said to Elias: Hast thou found me thy enemy? He said: I have found thee because thou art sold, to do evil in the sight of the Lord.

21Behold I will bring evil upon thee, and I will cut down thy posterity, and I will kill of Achab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up, and the last in Israel.

22And I will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nabat, and like the house of Baasa the son of Ahias: for what thou hast done to provoke me to anger, and for making Israel to sin.

23And of Jezabel also, the Lord spoke, saying: The dogs shall eat Jezabel in the field of Jezrahel.

24If Achab die in the city, the dogs shall eat him: but if he die in the field, the birds of the air shall eat him.

25Now, there was not such another as Achab, who was sold to do evil in the sight of the Lord: for his wife, Jezabel, set him on,

26And he became abominable, insomuch that he followed the idols which the Amorrhites had made, whom the Lord destroyed before the face of the children of Israel.

27And when Achab had heard these words, he rent his garments, and put haircloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and slept in sackcloth, and walked with his head cast down.

28And the word of the Lord came to Elias, the Thesbite, saying:

29Hast thou not seen Achab humbled before me? therefore, because he hath humbled himself, for my sake, I will not bring the evil in his days, but in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house.

Important Verses in 1 Kings 21

And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of Achab, king of Samaria.

1 Kings 21:1

Then Jezabel, his wife, said to him. Thou art of great authority indeed, and governest well the kingdom of Israel. Arise, and eat bread, and be of good cheer; I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezrahelite.

1 Kings 21:7

And suborn two men, sons of Belial, against him. and let them bear false witness; that he hath blasphemed God and the king: and then carry him out, and stone him, and so let him die.

1 Kings 21:10

And the word of the Lord came to Elias, the Thesbite, saying:

1 Kings 21:17

Historical Context

As a Old Testament book, 1 Kings was written with the exiles, shown why the kingdom fell: infidelity to the covenant in view. Chapter 21 of 22 moves toward the climax of the book as earlier promises and conflicts converge. It is a prophetic oracle addressed to Israel in a moment of covenant crisis or renewal with 29 verses in the Douay-Rheims translation. Historical attention falls on Naboth, Ahab, Jezebel and Elijah, the principal figures named in this chapter. It opens with the line: "And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of…" The final verse reads: "Hast thou not seen Achab humbled before me? therefore, because he hath humbled himself, for my sake, I will not bring…" Read against its original backdrop, First Kings moves from the glory of Solomon—his wisdom, his Temple—to the tragic division of the kingdom into Israel (north) and Judah (south), and the ministry of the prophet Elijah against the idolatry of Ahab and… Scholarly and ecclesial tradition places the composition of 1 Kings around Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC).

Who Wrote It

Unknown; tradition suggests Jeremiah or prophetic circles as compilers

When It Was Written

Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC)

Catholic Commentary

The prophetic discourse in this chapter speaks to a community facing the consequences of its choices before God. A pivotal line is verse 1: "And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of Achab, king of Samaria." The passage repeatedly touches on family and covenant relationships.

Catholic exegesis reads 1 Kings 21 within the unity of Scripture and Tradition. the Temple prefigures Christ's body and the Church (CIC 756). St. Jerome and other Fathers of the Church saw in texts like this a preparation for or reflection of Christ, the center of revelation (CIC 618).

Applied to the life of faith, the passage supports the Church's conviction that Wisdom comes from fearing the Lord. Whether read privately or heard in the liturgy, 1 Kings 21 calls for a response of faith, repentance, and charity.

Main Teachings

  • The family is the first school of faith, where love, obedience, and forgiveness are learned.
  • From the manna to the Last Supper, God feeds His people — fully in the Eucharist.
  • Sin has real consequences, but God's judgment always aims at conversion and restoration.

People in This Chapter

Naboth18 mentionsAhab13 mentionsJezebel8 mentionsElijah3 mentions

Reflection for Today

In 1 Kings Chapter 21, the Church invites us to listen attentively to God's Word within the broader narrative of Solomon's wisdom and the divided kingdom.

The Second Vatican Council reminded the faithful that Scripture should permeate Catholic spirituality (Dei Verbum, 21-26). 1 Kings Chapter 21 supports that call by drawing attention to redemptive suffering united to the Cross within the wider message that Wisdom comes from fearing the Lord.

Entrust your meditation to Mary, who pondered God's Word in her heart. Through her intercession, may the message of redemptive suffering united to the Cross bear fruit in humility, courage, and charity this day.

💡Catholic Reflection • Church Teachings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 1 Kings Chapter 21 about?

1 Kings 21 contains 29 verses. It opens with "And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of…" and closes with "Hast thou not seen Achab humbled before me? therefore, because he hath humbled himself, for my sake, I will not bring…". The book as a whole is historical narrative with prophetic accounts.

What is a key verse in 1 Kings 21?

One of the most significant verses is verse 1: "And after these things, Naboth the Jezrahelite, who was in Jezrahel, had at that time a vineyard, near the palace of Achab, king of Samaria." It is often cited in Catholic teaching and preaching.

Who appears in 1 Kings Chapter 21?

This chapter mentions Naboth, Ahab, Jezebel, Elijah.

Who wrote 1 Kings and when?

Unknown; tradition suggests Jeremiah or prophetic circles as compilers. Events from about 970 to 850 BC; final form during the Babylonian exile (6th century BC).

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